0001213900-23-023866 | 20-F | XBRL Viewer

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Document And Entity Information	12 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information	Dec. 31, 2022 shares
Document Information Line Items
Entity Registrant Name	UCLOUDLINK GROUP INC.
Document Type	20-F
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001775898
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Document Registration Statement	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Shell Company Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39302
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	E9
Entity Address, Address Line One	Unit 2214-Rm1, 22/F, Mira Place Tower A
Entity Address, Address Line Two	132 Nathan Road, Tsim Sha Tsui
Entity Address, City or Town	Kowloon
Entity Address, Country	HK
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Document Accounting Standard	U.S. GAAP
Auditor Name	Audit Alliance LLP
Auditor Location	Singapore
Auditor Firm ID	3487
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	122001
Business Contact [Member]
Document Information Line Items
Entity Address, Address Line One	Unit 2214-Rm1, 22/F, Mira Place Tower A
Entity Address, Address Line Two	132 Nathan Road, Tsim Sha Tsui
Entity Address, City or Town	Kowloon
Entity Address, Country	HK
Contact Personnel Name	Yimeng Shi
City Area Code	852
Local Phone Number	2180-6111
Contact Personnel Email Address	ir@ucloudlink.com
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	122001
American depositary shares
Document Information Line Items
Trading Symbol	UCL
Title of 12(b) Security	American depositary shares (one American depositary share representing ten Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.00005 per share)
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Class A Ordinary Shares
Document Information Line Items
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	246,686,120
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.00005 per share*
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
No Trading Symbol Flag	true
Class B Ordinary Shares
Document Information Line Items
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	122,072,980

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues	$ 71,461	$ 73,824	$ 89,569
Cost of revenues	(38,927)	(51,990)	(61,264)
Gross profit	32,534	21,834	28,305
Research and development expenses	(8,430)	(13,697)	(26,359)
Sales and marketing expenses	(10,305)	(13,620)	(29,261)
General and administrative expenses	(18,726)	(28,551)	(43,221)
Other income/(expense), net	(14,265)	(11,876)	7,554
Loss from operations	(19,192)	(45,910)	(62,982)
Interest income	18	14	37
Interest expenses	(441)	(188)	(285)
Amortization of beneficial conversion feature	(149)
Loss before income tax	(19,764)	(46,084)	(63,230)
Income tax expenses	(161)	(244)	(185)
Share of profit in equity method investments, net of tax	72	287
Net loss	(19,853)	(46,041)	(63,415)
Accretion of Series A Preferred Shares			(1,293)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company	(19,853)	(46,041)	(64,708)
Net loss	(19,853)	(46,041)	(63,415)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	2,322	(17)	(1,135)
Total comprehensive loss	$ (17,531)	$ (46,058)	$ (64,550)
Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company
Basic (in Dollars per share)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.25)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing net loss per share
Basic (in Shares)	312,485,140	285,979,036	259,852,204
Revenues from services
Revenues	$ 46,228	$ 37,798	$ 46,150
Sales of products
Revenues	25,233	36,026	43,419
Cost of services
Cost of revenues	(20,346)	(21,556)	(26,392)
Cost of products sold
Cost of revenues	$ (18,581)	$ (30,434)	$ (34,872)

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Statement [Abstract]
Diluted	$ (0.06)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.25)
Diluted	312,485,140	285,979,036	259,852,204

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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+ Details

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 14,921	$ 7,868
Short-term deposit	197	196
Accounts receivable, net	5,961	14,923
Inventories	3,624	6,133
Prepayments and other assets	4,255	6,225
Amounts due from related parties	698	1,153
Other investments	11,690	12,587
Total current assets	41,346	49,085
Non-current assets:
Long-term investments	1,711	1,867
Property and equipment, net	1,181	1,796
Right-of-use asset, net	206
Intangible assets, net	802	1,009
Other investments		12,058
Prepayments	688	1,310
Total non-current assets	4,588	18,040
Total assets	45,934	67,125
Current liabilities:
Short term borrowings (including US$941 and US$574 thousands from the consolidated former VIEs, without recourse to the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)	2,876	3,177
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (including US$12,424 thousands and US$10,741 thousands from the consolidated former VIEs, without recourse to the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)	24,014	27,580
Accounts payable (including US$4,034 thousands and US$1,949 thousands from the consolidated former VIEs, without recourse to the Company as of December 31,2021 and 2022, respectively)	6,832	12,986
Amounts due to related parties (including US$18 and US$20 thousands from the consolidated former VIEs, without recourse to the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)	1,481	1,453
Contract liabilities (including US$89 thousands and US$62 thousands from the consolidated former VIEs, without recourse to the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)	1,052	1,575
Current lease liabilities (including nil and US$60 thousands from the consolidated former VIEs, without recourse to the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)	184
Total current liabilities	36,439	46,771
Non-current liabilities:
Other non-current liabilities	204	262
Total non-current liabilities	204	262
Total liabilities	36,643	47,033
Commitments and contingencies
Class A ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; 1,700,000,000 shares authorized; 164,975,400 shares issued and outstanding and 246,686,120 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)	12	8
Class B ordinary shares (US$0.00005 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 122,072,980 shares issued and outstanding and 122,072,980 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively)	6	6
Additional paid-in capital	236,774	230,048
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income	1,876	(446)
Accumulated losses	(229,377)	(209,524)
Total shareholders’ equity	9,291	20,092
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 45,934	$ 67,125

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Former VIE
Short term borrowings	$ 574	$ 941
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	10,741	12,424
Accounts payable	1,949	4,034
Amounts due to related parties	20	18
Contract liabilities	62	89
Current lease liabilities	$ 60
Class A Ordinary Shares
Ordinary shares, par value	$ 0.00005	$ 0.00005
Ordinary shares, authorized	1,700,000,000	1,700,000,000
Ordinary shares, issued	246,686,120	164,975,400
Ordinary shares, outstanding	246,686,120	164,975,400
Class B Ordinary Shares
Ordinary shares, par value	$ 0.00005	$ 0.00005
Ordinary shares, authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Ordinary shares, issued	122,072,980	122,072,980
Ordinary shares, outstanding	122,072,980	122,072,980

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Class A ordinary shares	Class B ordinary shares	ordinary shares	Additional paid-in capital	Cumulative translation adjustments	Accumulated losses	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019			$ 11	$ 118,818	$ 706	$ (100,068)	$ 19,467
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2019			232,451,900
Foreign currency translation adjustment					(1,135)		(1,135)
Net loss for the year						(63,415)	(63,415)
Share-based compensation				50,607			50,607
Accretion of Series A Preferred Shares				(1,293)			(1,293)
Redesignation of ordinary shares into Class A ordinary shares	$ 5		$ (5)
Redesignation of ordinary shares into Class A ordinary shares (in Shares)	110,378,920		(110,378,920)
Redesignation of ordinary shares into Class B ordinary shares		$ 6	$ (6)
Redesignation of ordinary shares into Class B ordinary shares (in Shares)		122,072,980	(122,072,980)
Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering (“IPO”)	$ 1			27,604			27,605
Issuance of ordinary shares upon Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) (in Shares)	20,100,000
Conversion of Series A Preferred Shares upon IPO	$ 2			24,268			24,270
Conversion of Series A Preferred Shares upon IPO (in Shares)	29,000,000
Shares issued upon exercise of employee share options				288			$ 288
Shares issued upon exercise of employee share options (in Shares)	576,720						576,720
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 8	$ 6		220,292	(429)	(163,483)	$ 56,394
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	160,055,640	122,072,980
Foreign currency translation adjustment					(17)		(17)
Net loss for the year						(46,041)	(46,041)
Share-based compensation				8,757			8,757
Accretion of Series A Preferred Shares
Shares issued upon exercise of employee share options				999			$ 999
Shares issued upon exercise of employee share options (in Shares)	1,919,760						1,919,760
Issuance of shares upon vesting of Restricted Shares held by other consultants
Issuance of shares upon vesting of Restricted Shares held by other consultants (in Shares)	3,000,000
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 8	$ 6		230,048	(446)	(209,524)	20,092
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	164,975,400	122,072,980
Foreign currency translation adjustment					2,322		2,322
Net loss for the year						(19,853)	(19,853)
Share-based compensation				3,098			3,098
Issuance of ordinary shares for convertible bond				225			225
Issuance of ordinary shares for convertible bond (in Shares)	1,000,000
Conversion of convertible bond to ordinary shares	$ 4			3,403			3,407
Conversion of convertible bond to ordinary shares (in Shares)	76,943,540
Issuance of shares upon vesting of Restricted Shares
Issuance of shares upon vesting of Restricted Shares (in Shares)	3,767,180
Accretion of Series A Preferred Shares
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 12	$ 6		$ 236,774	$ 1,876	$ (229,377)	$ 9,291
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	246,686,120	122,072,980

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (19,853)	$ (46,041)	$ (63,415)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities
Provision for bad debts	2,014	40	2,794
Impairment for inventory obsolescence	96	16	636
Impairment for long-term investment	80
Depreciation of property and equipment	839	2,022	2,174
Amortization of intangible assets	142	143	94
Gains on disposals of property and equipment	(215)	(94)	(375)
Interest expenses	441	188	285
Amortization of beneficial conversion feature	149
Share-based compensation	3,098	8,757	50,607
Fair value (gains)/losses on other investments	12,958	12,363	(4,909)
Share of profit in equity method investments	(72)	(287)
Foreign currency exchange losses, net	2,519	1,106	182
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	7,715	(8,239)	16,228
Prepayments and other assets	1,825	985	690
Inventories	2,413	(302)	4,036
Accrued expenses, accounts payable and other liabilities	(9,647)	5,917	(9,273)
Amounts due to related parties	28	(50)	481
Amounts due from related parties	455	1,111	(1,572)
Contract liabilities	(523)	686	(1,036)
Other non-current liabilities	(58)	(59)	335
Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities	4,404	(21,738)	(2,038)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment	(411)	(787)	(1,252)
Purchase of intangible assets	(14)	(92)	(482)
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment	266	193	230
Cash paid for equity method investment		(247)
Cash paid for long-term investment			(811)
Increase in short-term deposit		(2)	(3)
Purchase of other investments	(3)		(33,126)
Net cash used in investing activities	(162)	(935)	(35,444)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from other borrowings	212
Repayments of other borrowings	(163)		(1,819)
Proceeds from issuance of convertible bonds	4,735
Redemption of convertible bonds	(1,050)
Proceeds from bank borrowings	9,496	11,419	3,674
Repayments of bank borrowings	(9,452)	(11,968)	(5,074)
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of issuance costs			29,904
Proceeds from exercise of share options		1,284
Payments relating to current Lease Liability	(238)
Net cash generated from financing activities	3,540	735	26,685
(Decrease)/increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	7,782	(21,938)	(10,797)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	7,868	30,226	40,274
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(729)	(420)	749
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year	14,921	7,868	30,226
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest paid	(426)	(188)	(285)
Cash paid for amounts include in operating lease liabilities	(15)
Supplemental disclosure on non-cash investing and financing activities:
Accretion of Series A Preferred Shares			$ (1,293)

Organization and principal activities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and principal activities

Organization and principal activities

(a)

History and organization

UCLOUDLINK GROUP INC. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on 25 August 2014 as an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Law, Cap. 22 (Law 3 of 1961, as consolidated and revised) of the Cayman Islands. Before March 17,2022, the Company through its consolidated subsidiaries and the former consolidated variable interest entities (the “VIE”) (collectively, the “Group”) is principally engaged in the provision of data connectivity services and sales of Wi-Fi terminals and data related products to enable personal and enterprise users to access mobile internet in more than 100 countries and areas. Due to the legal restrictions of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) on foreign ownership of data connectivity services license required by the business model the Company had been using before March 17,2022, the Company conducts its business operations in the PRC through its former VIEs.

On March 17, 2022, Beijing uCloudlink, the former VIEs, the nominee shareholders of the former VIEs and the spouses of the shareholders of Beijing Technology entered into termination agreements respectively, to terminate these contractual arrangements. Beijing uCloudlink issued a confirmation letter to designate Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited., or Shenzhen Technology, to exercise the exclusive option right to purchase all equity interests of Beijing Technology from its shareholders according to the abovementioned option agreement. Accordingly, Shenzhen Technology entered into an equity interest transfer agreement with the shareholders of Beijing Technology, and was registered as the sole shareholder of Beijing Technology since March 17, 2022. All contractual arrangements were terminated since then.

(b)

Principal subsidiaries and former VIEs

As of December 31, 2022, the details of the Company’s principal subsidiaries and former VIEs were as follows:

Entity

Place of

incorporation

Date of

incorporation

Relationship

% of

direct

or indirect

economic
ownership

Principal activities

UCLOUDLINK (HK) LIMITED

Hong Kong

2 September 2014

Subsidiary

100

Holding company

HONG KONG UCLOUDLINK NETWORK TECHNOLOGY LIMITED

Hong Kong

25 October 2010

Subsidiary

100

Holding company, information technology services and sales of terminals and data related products

Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited

PRC

9 July 2015

Subsidiary

100

Technology research and development

Shenzhen uCloudlink Co., Ltd.

PRC

7 June 2018

Subsidiary

100

Hardware exportation

Beijing uCloudlink Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing uCloudlink”)

PRC

29 January 2015

Subsidiary

100

Holding company

UCLOUDLINK (SINGAPORE) PTE.LTD

Singapore

15 May 2017

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

UCLOUDLINK (UK) CO. LTD

13 October 2014

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

Ucloudlink (America), Ltd.

USA

1 August 2016

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

UCLOUDLINK SDN.BHD

Malaysia

24 August 2017

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

uCloudlink Japan Co., Ltd.

Japan

7 March 2018

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

Shenzhen uCloudlink Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shenzhen uCloudlink”)

PRC

14 August 2014

Subsidiary and Consolidated former VIE

100

Holder of value-added telecommunications services license, information technology services and sales of terminals and data related products

Beijing uCloudlink New Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Technology”)

PRC

15 November 2014

Subsidiary and Consolidated former VIE

100

Information technology services and sales of terminals and data related products

PT UCLOUDLINK TECHNOLOGIES PMA

Indonesia

27 September 2018

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

UCLOUDLINK UK LIMITED

24 February 2021

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

Shenzhen Yulian Cloud Technology Co., Ltd.

PRC

22 February 2022

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

Refer to Note 2.3 for the consolidated financial information of the Company’s former VIEas of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022.

(c)

Variable Interest Entities

Before March 17,2022, the Company has entered into certain exclusive technical services agreements with certain PRC domestic companies, which entitle it to receive a majority of their residual returns and make it obligatory for the Company to absorb a majority of the risk of losses from their activities. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements with the equity holders of these PRC domestic companies, including loan agreements that require them to contribute registered capital to those PRC domestic companies, exclusive call option agreements to acquire the equity interests in these companies when permitted by the PRC laws, rules and regulations, equity pledge agreements of the equity interests held by those equity holders, and proxy agreements that irrevocably authorize individuals designated by the Company to exercise the equity owner’s rights over these PRC domestic companies.

Details of the typical structure of the Group’s former significant VIEs are set forth below:

(i)

VIE agreements among Beijing uCloudlink, Shenzhen uCloudlink and its nominee shareholders

The following is a summary of the contractual arrangements entered among Beijing uCloudlink, Shenzhen uCloudlink and its nominee shareholder:

●

Exclusive Technology Support and Technology Services Agreement

Under the exclusive technology support and technology services agreement between Beijing uCloudlink and Shenzhen uCloudlink, Beijing uCloudlink has the exclusive right to provide to Shenzhen Ucloudlink technology support and technology services related to all technologies needed for its business. Beijing uCloudlink owns the exclusive intellectual property rights created as a result of the performance of this agreement. The service fee payable by Shenzhen uCloudlink to Beijing uCloudlink is determined by the revenue of Shenzhen uCloudlink less the expenditures incurred for operation and capital purpose, or at an amount subject to mutual negotiation and agreement between the parties. The term of this agreement will expire only upon the liquidation of Shenzhen uCloudlink.

●

Exclusive Business Operation Agreement

Under the exclusive business operation agreement among Beijing uCloudlink, Shenzhen uCloudlink and Beijing Technology, which is the sole shareholder of Shenzhen uCloudlink, Shenzhen uCloudlink and Beijing Technology undertake that without Beijing uCloudlink’s prior written consent, Shenzhen uCloudlink shall not enter into any transactions that may have a material effect on Shenzhen uCloudlink’s assets, business, personnel, obligations, rights or business operations. Shenzhen uCloudlink and Beijing Technology agree that to the extent permitted by law, they will accept and unconditionally execute instructions from Beijing uCloudlink on business operations. Shenzhen uCloudlink and Beijing Technology also agree to elect directors nominated by Beijing uCloudlink and such directors shall nominate officers designated by Beijing uCloudlink. The business operation agreement will remain effective until the end of the dissolution of Shenzhen uCloudlink and Beijing Technology correspondingly, the term of which will be extended if Beijing uCloudlink’s business term is extended or as required by Beijing uCloudlink.

●

Exclusive Option Agreement

The parties to the exclusive option agreement are Beijing uCloudlink, Shenzhen uCloudlink and the shareholder of Shenzhen uCloudlink. Under the exclusive option agreement, the shareholder of Shenzhen uCloudlink irrevocably granted Beijing uCloudlink or its designated representative(s) an exclusive option to purchase all or part of his or its equity interests in Shenzhen uCloudlink at a consideration of RMB1 or any lower price to the extent permitted under PRC law. Beijing uCloudlink or its designated representative(s) have sole discretion as to when to exercise such options, either in part or in full. Without Beijing uCloudlink’s prior written consent, Shenzhen uCloudlink’s shareholder shall not sell, transfer, mortgage or otherwise dispose his equity interests in Shenzhen uCloudlink. The term of this agreement will expire only when the total assets of Shenzhen uCloudlink have been acquired by Beijing uCloudlink.

●

Powers of Attorney

Pursuant to the irrevocable power of attorney executed by each shareholder of Shenzhen uCloudlink, each such shareholder appointed Beijing uCloudlink as its attorney-in-fact to exercise such shareholders’ rights in Shenzhen uCloudlink, including, without limitation, the power to vote on its behalf on all matters of Shenzhen uCloudlink requiring shareholder approval under PRC laws and regulations and the articles of association of Shenzhen uCloudlink. Each power of attorney will remain in force until the termination of the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement.

●

Equity Interest Pledge Agreement

Pursuant to the share pledge agreement among Beijing uCloudlink, Shenzhen uCloudlink and the shareholder of Shenzhen uCloudlink, the shareholder of Shenzhen uCloudlink has pledged all of their equity interests in Shenzhen uCloudlink to Beijing uCloudlink to guarantee the performance by Shenzhen uCloudlink and its shareholders’ performance of their respective obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreement, exclusive option agreement, exclusive technology support and technology services agreement and powers of attorney. If Shenzhen uCloudlink and/or its shareholders breach their contractual obligations under those agreements, Beijing uCloudlink, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to sell the pledged equity interests.

(ii)

VIE agreements among Beijing uCloudlink, Beijing Technology and its nominee shareholders

The following is a summary of the contractual arrangements entered among Beijing uCloudlink, Beijing Technology and its nominee shareholders:

●

Exclusive Technology Support and Technology Services Agreement

Under the exclusive technology support and technology services agreement between Beijing uCloudlink and Beijing Technology, Beijing uCloudlink has the exclusive right to provide to Beijing Technology technology support and technology services related to all technologies needed for its business. Beijing uCloudlink owns the exclusive intellectual property rights created as a result of the performance of this agreement. The service fee payable by Beijing Technology to Beijing uCloudlink is determined by the revenue of Beijing Technology generated less the expenditures incurred for operation and capital purpose, or at an amount subject to mutual negotiation and agreement between the parties. The term of this agreement will expire only upon the liquidation of Beijing Technology.

●

Exclusive Business Operation Agreement

Beijing uCloudlink, Beijing Technology and the shareholders of Beijing Technology entered into exclusive business operation agreement under which Beijing Technology engages Beijing uCloudlink as its exclusive provider of technology support, business support and consulting services. Beijing Technology shall pay to Beijing uCloudlink service fees, which is determined by the revenue of Beijing Technology less the expenditures incurred for operation and capital purpose, subject to further mutual negotiation and agreement. Beijing uCloudlink shall have exclusive and proprietary rights and interests in all rights, ownership, interests and intellectual properties arising from the performance of the agreement. During the term of the agreement, Beijing Technology shall not accept any consultations and/or services provided by any third party and shall not cooperate with any third party for the provision of identical or similar services without prior consent of Beijing uCloudlink. The term of this agreement will expire only upon the liquidation of Beijing Technology or may be cancelled at Beijing uCloudlink’s sole discretion.

●

Exclusive Purchase Option Agreement

Under the exclusive purchase option agreement, the nominee shareholders of Beijing Technology have granted Beijing uCloudlink or its designated representative(s) irrevocably an exclusive option to purchase, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or part of their equity interests in Beijing Technology at the lowest price permitted by the laws of the PRC applicable at the time of exercise. Beijing uCloudlink or its designated representative(s) have sole discretion as to when to exercise such options, either in part or in full. Without Beijing uCloudlink’s prior written consent, the nominee shareholders shall not sell, transfer, mortgage or otherwise dispose their equity interests in Beijing Technology. The term of this agreement will expire only when the total assets of Beijing Technology have been acquired by Beijing uCloudlink.

●

Power of Attorney

Pursuant to the irrevocable power of attorney, Beijing uCloudlink is authorized by each of the nominee shareholders as its attorney-in-fact to exercise such nominee shareholders’ rights in Beijing Technology , including, without limitation, the power to vote on its behalf on all matters of Beijing Technology requiring nominee shareholder approval under PRC laws and regulations and the articles of association of Beijing Technology and rights to information relating to all business aspects of Beijing Technology . Each power of attorney will remain in force until the termination of the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement.

●

Equity Interest Pledge Agreement

Pursuant to the equity pledge agreement, the nominee shareholders of Beijing Technology have pledged all of their equity interests in Beijing Technology to Beijing uCloudlink to guarantee the performance by Beijing Technology and its nominee shareholders’ performance of their respective obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreement, exclusive purchase option agreement, and powers of attorney. The nominee shareholders shall not transfer or assign the equity interests, the rights and obligations in the equity pledge agreement or create or permit to create any pledges which may have an adverse effect on the rights or benefits of Beijing uCloudlink without Beijing uCloudlink’s written consent. If Beijing Technology and/or its nominee shareholders breach their contractual obligations under those agreements, Beijing uCloudlink, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to sell the pledged equity interests.

Through the aforementioned contractual agreements, Shenzhen uCloudlink and Beijing Technology are considered VIEs and Beijing uCloudlink is the primary beneficiary because the Company, through Beijing uCloudlink has the ability to:

●

exercise effective control over Shenzhen uCloudlink and Beijing Technology;

●

receive substantially all of the economic benefits and residual returns, and absorb substantially all the risks and expected losses from these VIEs as if it were their sole shareholder; and

●

have an exclusive option to purchase all of the equity interests in these VIEs.

(iii)

Risks in relation to the VIE structure

In accordance with various contractual agreements, the Company has the power to direct the activities of the VIEs and can have assets transferred out of the VIEs. Therefore, the Company considers that there are no assets in the respective VIEs that can be used only to settle obligations of the respective VIEs, except for the registered capital of the VIEs amounting to approximately US$3.8 million, US$3.8 million and US$3.8 million, as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. As the respective VIEs are incorporated as limited liability companies under the PRC Company Law, creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for the liabilities of the respective VIEs. There is currently no contractual arrangement that would require the Company to provide additional financial support to the VIEs. As the Company is conducting certain businesses in the PRC through the VIEs, the Company may provide additional financial support on a discretionary basis in the future, which could expose the Company to a loss.

There is no VIE in the Group where the Company or any subsidiary has a variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary.

In the opinion of the Company’s management, the contractual arrangements among its subsidiary, the VIEs and their respective nominee shareholders are in compliance with the current PRC laws and are legally binding and enforceable. However, uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of the PRC laws, regulations and policies could limit the Company’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. As a result, the Company may be unable to consolidate the VIEs in the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2015, the Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”), released for public comment a proposed PRC law, the Draft Foreign Investment Enterprises (“FIE”) Law, that appears to include VIEs within the scope of entities that could be considered to be FIEs, that would be subject to restrictions under existing PRC law on foreign investment in certain categories of industry. Specifically, the Draft FIE Law introduces the concept of “actual control” for determining whether an entity is considered to be an FIE. In addition to control through direct or indirect ownership or equity, the Draft FIE Law includes control through contractual arrangements within the definition of “actual control”. If the Draft FIE Law is passed by the People’s Congress of the PRC and goes into effect in its current form, these provisions regarding control through contractual arrangements could be construed to include the Company’s contractual arrangements with its VIEs, and as a result, the Group’s VIEs could become explicitly subject to the current restrictions on foreign investment in certain categories of industry. The Draft FIE Law includes provisions that would exempt from the definition of FIEs where the ultimate controlling shareholders are either entities organized under PRC law or individuals who are PRC citizens. The Draft FIE Law is silent as to what type of enforcement action might be taken against existing VIEs, that operates in restricted or prohibited industries and is not controlled by entities organized under PRC law or individuals who are PRC citizens. If the restrictions and prohibitions on FIEs included in the Draft FIE Law are enacted and enforced in their current form, the Company’s ability to use the contractual arrangements with its VIEs and the Company’s ability to conduct business through the VIEs could be severely limited.

The Company’s ability to control the VIEs also depends on the power of attorney exercised by Beijing uCloudlink to vote on all matters requiring shareholders’ approvals in the VIEs. As noted above, the Company believes these powers of attorney are legally binding and enforceable but may not be as effective as direct equity ownership. In addition, if the Company’s corporate structure or the contractual arrangements with the VIEs were found to be in violation of any existing PRC laws and regulations, the PRC regulatory authorities could, within their respective jurisdictions:

●

revoke the Company’s business and operating licenses;

●

require the Company to discontinue or restrict its operations;

●

restrict the Company’s right to collect revenues;

●

require the Company to restructure its operations, re-apply for the necessary licenses or relocate the Company’s businesses, staff and assets;

●

impose additional conditions or requirements with which the Company may not be able to comply; or

●

take other regulatory or enforcement actions against the Company that could be harmful to the Group’s business.

The imposition of any of these restrictions or actions may result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to conduct its business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these restrictions causes the Company to lose the right to direct the activities of the VIEs or the right to receive their economic benefits, the Company would no longer be able to consolidate the financial statements of the VIEs. In the opinion of management, the likelihood of losing the benefits in respect of the Company’s contractual arrangements with its VIEs is remote.

Through the evaluation of its business plan, the Company has decided to adjust its business model in the PRC. The Company believes it will no longer require the specific certificate for offering internet access services that could fall within the scope of prohibited or restricted categories for foreign investment in the PRC. The Company is in the process of the restructuring to adjust its local business in the PRC. The Company terminated the contractual arrangements with its VIEs on March 17, 2022, including Beijing Technology and Shenzhen uCloudlink. The equity of its VIEs was transferred to Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited on the same day, and previous VIEs have become wholly-owned subsidiaries of Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited. The Company believes the restructuring will not affect its international data connectivity services in the PRC. The Company will transform and carry out the PaaS and SaaS platform services in the PRC in cooperation with local business partners which have the required licenses to provide local data connectivity services in the PRC.

Refer to Note 2.3 for the consolidated financial information of the Company’s former VIEs as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022.

(d)

Initial Public Offering

On June 10, 2020, the Company completed its IPO on the Nasdaq Global Market. In the offering, 2,010,000 ADSs, representing 20,100,000 Class A ordinary shares, were issued and sold to the public at a price of US$18 per ADS. The net proceeds to the Company from the IPO, after deducting commissions and offering expenses, were approximately US$27.6 million.

Immediately prior to the completion of the IPO, the Company completed the redesignation on a one-for-one basis of: (i) 122,072,980 ordinary shares beneficially owned by Mr. Chaohui Chen and Mr. Zhiping Peng into Class B ordinary shares, (ii) all of the remaining ordinary shares into Class A ordinary shares, (iii) the automatic conversion and the redesignation of all of the remaining issued and outstanding preferred shares on a one-for-one basis into Class A ordinary shares.

In respect of all matters subject to shareholders’ vote, each holder of Class A ordinary share is entitled to one and each holder of Class B ordinary share is entitled to fifteen votes.

(e)

Liquidity

The Group’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities during the normal course of operations. The Group incurred loss from operations of US$63.0 million, US$45.9 million and US$19.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities was US$2.0 million and US$21.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 respectively and the net cash generated from operating activities was US$4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the Group had cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit of US$15.1 million, and short-term investments of US$11.7 million. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the Group’s business operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, and will continue to impact the Group’s results of operations and cash flows for subsequent period. Such conditions and events casted substantial doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Since the fourth quarter of 2021, the Group has taken actions to improve its liquidity, including implementing certain operational cost-cutting measures and obtaining funding from certain short-term bank borrowings and issuance of convertible debentures. Management plans to maintain the Group’s operation scale and expects the Group’s international data connectivity services business will gradually recover with the resumption of global travel activities, and will closely monitor and manage the Group’s capital expenditures and operating expenses based on the Group’s working capital needs and cash flow position on an ongoing basis. Based on management’s liquidity assessment, which has considered the Group’s operations at the current business scale, the latest development of COVID-19 pandemic and its continuous impact on the Group’s business operations, the available funding from short-term bank borrowings and short term investments, and the available cash and cash equivalents, the Group will be able to meet its working capital requirements and capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business for the next twelve months from the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. As a result, management concluded that the substantial doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern has been alleviated. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared on going concern basis.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of significant accounting policies

Summary of significant accounting policies

2.1

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Significant accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.

2.2

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Group to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include legal contingencies, share-based compensation and realization of deferred tax assets. The Group bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

2.3

Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, which include the wholly-foreign owned enterprises (“WFOE”) and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) over which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of are recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate.

A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial and operating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders. A VIE is required to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity holders in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.

Due to legal restrictions on foreign ownership of data connectivity services license required by the business model the Company had been using during the year, the equity interests of certain PRC domestic companies are held by PRC citizens or by PRC entities owned and/or controlled by PRC citizens. Specifically, the PRC domestic companies that are material to the Group’s businesses are Beijing Technology and Shenzhen uCloudlink.

The following table sets forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and changes in cash and cash equivalents of the former VIEs taken as a whole, which were included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements with intercompany balances and transactions eliminated between the former VIEs:

	As of December 31,
	2021			2022
	(in thousands of US$)
Cash and cash equivalents		293			1,951
Accounts receivable, net		1,333			474
Amounts due from subsidiaries		8,067			12,766
Property and equipment and intangible assets		1,195			775
Others		9,602			5,536
Total assets		20,490			21,502
Short term borrowings		941			574
Amounts due to parent and subsidiaries		55,623			60,029
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		16,458			12,690
Contract liabilities		89			62
Others		18			80
Total liabilities		73,129			73,435
Total shareholders’ deficit		(52,639	)		(51,933	)

	Years ended December 31,
	2020			2021			2022
	(in thousands of US$)
Revenue (note a)		55,014			30,979			30,371
Net loss (note a)		(3,528	)		(16,244	)		(4,349	)
Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities		(4,933	)		(6,553	)		858
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,196	)		(178	)		(430	)
Net cash generated from financing activities		2,988			5,290			1,230

Note:

(a)

Revenue and net loss incurred by the former VIEs are primarily from the provision of data connectivity services, as well as sales of Wi-Fi terminals and sales of data related products.

(b)

As described in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company sponsors share-based compensation plans in which employees, directors and officers of the Company, its subsidiaries and its former VIEs are eligible to participate. The Company has reflected the full cost of the share-based compensation expenses in its operating expenses. Most of the participating employees of the plans are based in the subsidiaries and former VIEs. If these expenses had been pushed down to the subsidiaries and former VIEs during the periods presented, the Company’s non-cash operating expenses would be lower and the former VIEs’ non-cash operating expenses would be higher by the following amounts: FY20: USD14.8 million, FY21: USD0.4 million and FY22: USD0.5 million, while subsidiaries’ non-cash operating expenses would be higher by the following amounts: FY20: USD35.8 million, FY2021: USD4.7 million and FY22: USD2.5 million.

The former VIEs did not have any material related party transactions except for the related party transactions which are disclosed in Note 23 or elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, and those transactions with other subsidiaries that are not VIEs, which were eliminated upon consolidation.

Under the contractual arrangements with the former VIEs, the Company has the power to direct activities of the former VIEs and can have assets transferred out of the former VIEs under its control. Therefore, the Company considers that there is no asset in any of the former VIEs that can be used only to settle obligations of the former VIEs, except for registered capital. As all former VIEs are incorporated as limited liability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of the liabilities of the former VIEs.

Unrecognized revenue-producing assets held by the former VIEs include certain internet value added services provision and other licenses. The internet value added services provision and other licenses are required under relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations for the operation of internet businesses in the PRC, and therefore are integral to the Group’s operations. The internet content provision licenses require that core PRC trademark registrations and domain names are held by the VIEs that provide the relevant services.

On March 17, 2022, Beijing uCloudlink, the former VIEs, the nominee shareholders of the former VIEs and the spouses of the shareholders of Beijing Technology entered into termination agreements respectively, to terminate these contractual arrangements. Beijing uCloudlink issued a confirmation letter to designate Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited, to exercise the exclusive option right to purchase all equity interests of Beijing Technology from its shareholders according to the above-mentioned option agreement. Accordingly, Shenzhen Technology entered into an equity interest transfer agreement with the shareholders of Beijing Technology, and was registered as the sole shareholder of Beijing Technology since March 17, 2022. All contractual arrangements were terminated since then.

2.4

Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), which is comprised of the executive directors of the Company. The Group has only one operating and reportable segment. The Group’s long-lived assets are substantially all located in the PRC.

2.5

Foreign currency translation

The functional currency of the Company is US$. The Company’s subsidiaries with operations in the PRC, Hong Kong and other jurisdictions generally use their respective local currencies as their functional currencies. The reporting currency of the Company is US$. The financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries, other than the subsidiaries with the functional currency of US$, are translated into US$ using the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and the average daily exchange rate for each month for income and expense items. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as a component of shareholders’ equity.

In the financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries, transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are measured and recorded in the functional currency using the exchange rate in effect at the date of the transaction. At the balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. All gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions are recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss during the period in which they occur.

2.6

Mezzanine equity

Mezzanine equity represents the Series A Preferred Shares issued by the Company. The Series A Preferred Shares are redeemable at the holders’ option any time after a certain date and were contingently redeemable upon the occurrence of certain liquidation events outside of the Group’s control. Therefore, the Group classifies the Series A Preferred Shares as mezzanine equity.

In accordance with ASC 480-10, the mezzanine equity was initially measured based on its fair value at date of issue. Since the Series A Preferred Shares will be redeemable at the holder’s option after 5 years from issuance if the Series A Preferred Shares are not converted, either voluntarily or automatically upon a qualified initial public offering (“Qualified IPO”), the Group accretes changes in the redemption value over the period from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date of the instrument using the effective interest method.

Increase in carrying amount shall be recorded as charges against retained earnings or, in the absence of retained earnings, by charges against additional paid-in capital.

In June 2020, all 29,000,000 issued and outstanding Series A Preferred Shares were converted into Class A ordinary shares upon the completion of the IPO.

2.7

Revenue recognition

Revenue is principally generated by the provision of data connectivity services and the sales of terminals and sales of data related products. Revenue represents the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sales of goods and the provision of services in the ordinary course of the Group’s activities and is recorded net of value-added tax (“VAT”). The Group recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” for all years presented with full retrospective method.

The Group conducts its business through various contracts with customers, including:

(i)

Data connectivity services

The Group generates international data connectivity services revenues from (i) data service fees from the use of portable Wi-Fi terminals (under its brand of “Roamingman”), (ii) data service fees generated from sales of data connectivity services to enterprise customers, and (iii) retail sales of data connectivity services.

The Group also generates local data connectivity services revenues from (i) data service fees generated from sales of data connectivity services to enterprise customers, and (ii) retail sales of data connectivity services.

For data connectivity services from the use of portable Wi-Fi terminals, the Group determines that the arrangement involves the leasing of portable Wi-Fi terminals with data connectivity services embedded. The Group determines that it is the lessor in the arrangement which contains an equipment lease component and a service non-lease component. The Group further determines that lease component is an operating lease under ASC 840, and that the operating lease component and service component are delivered over the same time and pattern. Therefore, the lease income and service income are recognized as data connectivity services revenue evenly over the service period.

The Group evaluates and determines that it is the principal. For data connectivity services from the use of portable Wi-Fi terminals and retail sales of data connectivity services, the Group views users as its customers. For data connectivity services generated from sales of data connectivity services to enterprise customers, the Group views enterprise customers as its customers. The Group reports data connectivity services revenues on gross basis. Accordingly, the amounts paid for data connectivity services by customers are recorded as revenues and the related commission fees paid to its agents (mainly travel agents and other online distributors) are recorded as cost of revenues. Where the Group is the principal, it controls the data before the data connectivity service is provided to customers. Its control is evidenced by the inventory risk borne by the Group and the Group’s ability to direct the use of the data, and is further supported by the Group being primarily responsible to customers and having the discretion in establishing pricing.

Data connectivity services offered to customers typically provide unlimited data usage during a fixed period of time (“contract period”), where revenue is recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the contract period. The Group does not have further performance obligations to the customers after the contract period. The Group also offers data connectivity services where customers are charged service fee based on actual data usage, where revenue is recognized as the services are provided to customers.

In providing data connectivity services to its customers, the Group procures SIM cards and data plans from various suppliers. Those SIM cards are activated and hosted on the Group’s cloud SIM platform. The Group’s cloud SIM platform manages terminal information and customer accounts and intelligently allocates the SIM cards and data plans and makes them available to customers who purchase the Group’s data connectivity services. Accordingly, the Group takes inventory risk and obtains control of the SIM cards and data plans procured and direct the use of the data on its cloud SIM platform depending on customers’ demand. The Group accounts for the SIM cards and data plans procured as costs of revenue as data is being made available and consumed on its cloud SIM platform.

As the Group’s data connectivity services are provided without right of return and the Group does not provide any other credit and incentive to its customers, therefore, the Group’s provision of data connectivity services does not involve variable consideration.

(ii)

Sales of terminals and data related products

The Group generates revenues from selling tangible products, including GlocalMe portable Wi-Fi terminals, GlocalMe World Phone series and smartphones with GlocalMe Inside (“GMI”) implemented, as well as SIM cards, to enterprise and retail customers and business partners. Sales of terminals and data related products are recognized when control of promised goods is transferred to the customers, which generally occurs upon the acceptance of the goods by the customers.

For sales of Wi-Fi terminals, one gigabyte of free data connectivity service is normally included as a bundle package for the first time purchase of the terminals. There are two separate performance obligations in such bundle sales as the Wi-Fi terminal is a distinct good while the data connectivity service is a distinct service. The Group allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling prices. The Group then recognizes revenue for each of the distinct performance obligations identified in accordance with the applicable revenue recognition method relevant for that obligation. For revenue related to the Wi-Fi terminals, revenue is recognized when the control of the Wi-Fi terminals is transferred. For revenue related to the data connectivity service, it is recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the relevant contract period.

(iii)

Provision of PaaS or SaaS services

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) or Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) mainly consist of fees generated from providing cloud SIM platform as a service to business partners. The Group provides its cloud SIM platform as a service to business partners enabling them to manage their data resources. Business partners using the platform are charged service fees for the use of the cloud SIM platform services. The Group has continuous obligation to ensure the performance of the platform over the service period. Revenue is recognized ratably over the contract period as business partners simultaneously consume and receive benefits from the service. The Group does not provide any other credit and incentive related to the cloud SIM platform services, therefore there is no variable consideration in the arrangement.

(iv)

Contract balance

Contract liabilities represent the cash collected upfront from the customers for purchase of data connectivity services or purchase of Wi-Fi terminals, while the underlying data connectivity services have not yet been rendered or the Wi-Fi terminals have not been delivered to the customers by the Group, which is included in the presentation of contract liabilities.

Due to the generally short-term duration of the relevant contracts, all performance obligations are satisfied within one year. Where transaction prices for data connectivity services and Wi-Fi terminals are received upfront from the customers, such receipts are recorded as contract liabilities and recognized as revenues over the contract period. The opening balance of contract liabilities from several customers as of January 1, 2020 was US$1,925 thousand. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, revenue amounting to US$1,925 thousand, US$889 thousand and US$1,575 thousand were included in the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of the respective period.

2.8

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of data connectivity service costs, cost of inventory, logistics costs, depreciation and maintenance costs for equipment, payment processing fees and other related incidental expenses that are directly attributable to the Group’s principal operations.

2.9

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development personnel, share-based compensation, materials, general expenses and depreciation expenses associated with research and development activities.

2.10

Sales and marketing expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of online and offline advertising expenses, promotion expenses, share-based compensation, staff costs, sales commissions and other related incidental expenses that are incurred to conduct the Group’s sales and marketing activities.

Advertising and promotional expenses were US$2,695 thousand, US$2,846 thousand and US$2,217 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

2.11

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, bonuses, share-based compensation and those not specifically dedicated to research and development or sales and marketing activities, depreciation of property and equipment, amortization of intangible assets, legal and professional services fees, rental and other general corporate related expenses.

2.12

Share-based compensation

Share-based compensation expenses arise from share-based awards, mainly including Restricted Shares held by certain senior management (namely, Mr. Chaohui Chen, Mr. Zhiping Peng and Mr. Wen Gao), and share options and Restricted Shares awarded to employees, directors and other consultants in accordance with ASC 718 Stock Compensation. The Group follows ASC 718 to determine whether share option or Restricted Shares should be classified and accounted for as a liability award or equity award. All grants of share-based awards to employees, certain senior management and directors classified as equity awards are recognized in the financial statements based on their grant date fair values which are calculated using an option pricing model. The Group classifies the share-based awards granted to employees, certain senior management, directors and other consultants as equity award, and has elected to recognize compensation expense on share-based awards with service condition on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period.

The Group entered into a share restriction agreement with certain senior management and their respective wholly owned companies, which directly hold the equity interest in the Group. Pursuant to the share restriction agreement, all ordinary shares (“Restricted Shares”) of the Group held by certain senior management shall be subject to vesting conditions until the Restricted Shares become vested. The Restricted Shares were classified as equity awards under ASC 718 and are accounted for as share-based compensation based on the grant date fair value over the vesting period using graded vesting method.

For share options awarded to employees, directors and other consultants, the Group applies the Binominal option pricing model in determining the fair value of options granted under ASC 718. The Group has elected to account for forfeitures when they occur.

On each measurement date, the Group reviews internal and external sources of information to assist in the estimation of various attributes to determine the fair value of the share-based awards granted by the Group, including the fair value of the underlying shares, expected life and expected volatility. The Group is required to consider many factors and makes certain assumptions during this assessment. If any of the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the share-based awards change significantly in the future, share-based compensation expense may differ materially.

2.13

Other employee benefits

The Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain retirement, medical and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. The relevant labor regulations require the Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC to pay the local labor and social welfare authorities monthly contributions based on the applicable benchmarks and rates stipulated by the local government. The relevant local labor and social welfare authorities are responsible for meeting all retirement benefits obligations and the Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC have no further commitments beyond their monthly contributions. The contributions to the plan are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, contributions to such plan amounting to US$2,077 thousand, US$3,074 thousand and US$1,909 thousand respectively, were charged to the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

The Group also makes payments to other defined contribution plans for the benefit of employees employed by subsidiaries outside of the PRC.

2.14

Income taxes

The Group accounts for income taxes using the liability method, under which deferred income taxes are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowance is provided on deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realizable in the foreseeable future.

Deferred taxes are also recognized on the undistributed earnings of subsidiaries, which are presumed to be transferred to the parent company and are subject to withholding taxes, unless there is sufficient evidence to show that the subsidiary has invested or will invest the undistributed earnings indefinitely or that the earnings will be remitted in a tax-free manner.

The Group adopts ASC 740 “Income Taxes” which prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It also provides guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods and income tax disclosures.

The Group did not have significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions or any unrecognized liabilities, interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefit as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022.

2.15

Government grants

For government grants that are non-operating in nature and with no further conditions to be met, the amounts are recognized as income in other income/(expense), net. For government grants that contain certain operating conditions, the amounts are recorded as deferred government grant, and are recognized as income in other income/(expense), net when the conditions are met.

2.16

Comprehensive loss

Comprehensive loss is defined to include all changes in equity of the Group during a period arising from transactions and other event and circumstances except those resulting from investments by shareholders and distributions to shareholders. For the years presented, the Group’s comprehensive loss includes net loss and other comprehensive loss, which mainly consists of the foreign currency translation adjustment that have been excluded from the determination of net loss.

2.17

Leases

The Group determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases that transfer substantially all of the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets are accounted for as finance leases as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases. The Group has no significant finance leases.

The Group recognizes lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet for leases. Operating lease right-of-use assets are included in non-current prepayments, receivables and other assets and operating lease liabilities are included in current accrued expenses, accounts payable and other liabilities and other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of future lease payments at lease commencement. The operating lease right-of-use asset also includes any lease payments made prior to lease commencement and the initial direct costs incurred by the lessee and is recorded net of any lease incentives received. As the interest rates implicit in most of the leases are not readily determinable, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rates based on the information available at lease commencement to determine the present value of the future lease payments. Operating lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Lease and non-lease components for leases of asset classes are accounted for separately. The Company elected to recognize short-term leases with an initial lease term of twelve months or less.

2.18

Loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net loss is allocated between different classes of ordinary shares based on their participating rights. Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the year. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of ordinary shares issuable in connection with the Group’s convertible redeemable preferred shares, redeemable ordinary shares and convertible bonds using the if-converted method and shares issuable upon the exercise of share options using the treasury stock method. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted loss per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.

2.19

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represent cash on hand, term deposits and highly-liquid investments placed with banks or other financial institutions, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use, and which have original maturities of three months or less.

Cash, and cash equivalents as reported in the consolidated statement of cash flows are presented on the consolidated balance sheet as follows:

	December 31,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2021		2022
Cash and cash equivalents		7,868		14,921

2.20

Inventories

Inventories mainly consist of products for sales. They are accounted for using the weighted average cost and stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Write downs of US$948 thousand, US$12 thousand and US$138 thousand were recorded in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 respectively.

2.21

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Group evaluates the creditworthiness of each customer at the time when services are rendered or products are sold and continuously monitor the recoverability of the accounts receivable.

In January 2022, the Group adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement on Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, including certain subsequent amendments, transitional guidance and other interpretive guidance within ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-11, ASU 2020-02 and ASU 2020-03 (collectively, including ASU 2016-13, “ASC 326”). ASC 326 introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts, which replaces the previous incurred loss impairment model. The Group’s estimation of allowance for doubtful accounts considers factors such as historical credit loss experience, age of receivable balances, current market conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, as well as an assessment of receivables due from specific identifiable counterparties to determine whether these receivables are considered at risk or uncollectible. The Group assesses collectability by pooling receivables that have similar risk characteristics and evaluates receivables individually when specific receivables no longer share those risk characteristics. For receivables evaluated individually, when it is determined that foreclosure is probable or when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date. The adoption of ASC 326 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 were not retrospectively adjusted. The allowance for doubtful accounts were US$3,350 thousand and US$4,519 thousand as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

2.22

Investment in equity method investees

The equity investment represents the Group’s investment in three entities. The Group accounts for its equity investment over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control using the equity method. The Group adjusts the carrying amount of the investment and recognizes investment income or loss for share of the earnings or loss of the investee after the date of investment. When the Group’s share of loss in the equity investee equals or exceeds its interest in the equity investee, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless the Group has incurred obligations or made payments or guarantees on behalf of the equity investee. The Group assesses its equity investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, operating performance of the entities, including current earnings trends and undiscounted cash flows, and other entity-specific information. The fair value determination, particularly for investment in privately-held entities, requires judgment to determine appropriate estimates and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could affect the calculation of the fair value of the investment and determination of whether any identified impairment is other-than-temporary.

2.23

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Residual rate is determined based on the economic value of the property and equipment at the end of the estimated useful lives as a percentage of the original cost.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost to their residual values over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Computers, server & switch and office equipment		5 years
Wi-Fi terminals for data connectivity services		2 years
Leasehold improvement		Over the shorter of lease term or 3 years

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The gain or loss on the disposal of property and equipment is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

2.24

Intangible assets

Intangible assets mainly consist of trademark, software and licensed copyrights. Identifiable intangible assets are carried at acquisition cost less accumulated amortization and impairment loss, if any. Finite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment if impairment indicators arise. All intangible assets of the Group are finite-lived intangible assets.

Amortization of finite-lived intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which are as follows:

Trademark		10 years
Software		10 years
Licensed copyrights		10 years

2.25

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values

The Group measures the long-term investment over which the Group does not have significant influence or that do not have readily determinable fair value at cost less impairment prior to January 1, 2018. Effective from January 1, 2018 with the adoption of ASU 2016-01, the Group has elected to use the measurement alternative to account for the equity investment, and therefore carries this investment at cost adjusted for changes from observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same investee, less impairment.

2.26

Impairment of long-lived assets

For long-lived assets the Group evaluates for impairment whenever events or changes indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. The Group assesses the recoverability of the long-lived assets by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to receive from use of the assets and their eventual disposition. Such assets are considered to be impaired if the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets. The impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. The Group tests impairment of long-lived assets at the reporting unit level when impairment indicator appeared and recognizes impairment in the event at the carrying value exceeds the fair value of each reporting unit.

No impairment charge of long-lived assets was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022.

2.27

Software development costs

The Group incurred costs to research and develop relevant software that is used in its cloud SIM architecture. Costs incurred during the research phase are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred for the development of software prior to the establishment of technological feasibility, which is when a working model is available, are expensed when incurred.

2.28

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

The Group does not have any non-financial assets or liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.

The Group’s financial instruments consist principally of other investments, cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposit, accounts receivable, accounts payable, contract liabilities and other liabilities.

As of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposit, accounts receivable, accounts payable, contract liabilities and other liabilities approximated their fair values reported in the consolidated balance sheets due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

2.29

Other investments

The Group’s other investments consist of investment funds of which underlying assets are debt securities and equity securities. These investment funds are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis with changes in fair value, whether realized or unrealized, recorded through the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

2.30

Convertible promissory notes

Convertible promissory notes are recognized initially at fair value, net of upfront fees, debt discounts or premiums, debt issuance costs and other incidental fees. Upfront fees, debt discounts or premiums, debt issuance costs and other incidental fees are recorded as a reduction of the proceeds received and the related accretion is recorded as interest expense in the consolidated income statements over the estimated term of the facilities using the effective interest method.

2.31

Newly adopted accounting standard updates

In January,2022, the Group adopted FASB ASC Topic 842, “Leases,” (“ASC Topic 842”) which requires that a lessee recognize in the consolidated balance sheet a lease liability and a corresponding right-of-use asset, including for those leases that the Company currently classifies as operating leases. The right-of-use asset and the lease liability was initially measured using the present value of the remaining lease payments. ASC Topic 842 was implemented using a modified retrospective approach which resulted in no cumulative-effect adjustment in the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2022. As a result, the consolidated balance sheet prior to January 1, 2022 was not restated and continues to be reported under FASB ASC Topic 840, “Leases,” (“ASC Topic 840”), which did not require the recognition of a right-of-use asset or lease liability for operating leases. As permitted under ASC Topic 842, the Company adopted the following practical expedients: (1) not to reassess whether an expired or non-lease contract that commenced before January 1, 2022 contained an embedded lease, (2) not to reassess the classification of existing leases, (3) not to determine whether initial direct costs related to existing leases should be capitalized under ASC Topic 842, and (4) not to separate lease and non-lease components

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

New Accounting Pronouncements And Changes In Accounting Principles [Abstract]

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2021-08), which clarifies that an acquirer of a business should recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The new amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments, with early adoption permitted. The Group is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”, which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments also clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. This guidance also requires certain disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. The new guidance is required to be applied prospectively with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in earnings and disclosed on the date of adoption. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after 15 December 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Group does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for change in accounting principle. Includes, but is not limited to, nature, reason, and method of adopting amendment to accounting standards or other change in accounting principle.

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+ Details

Concentration and Risks

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Concentration Risk Disclosure [Text Block]

Concentration and Risks

(a)

Foreign exchange risk

The revenues and expenses of the Group’s entities in the PRC are generally denominated in RMB and their assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. Remittances of foreign currencies into the PRC or remittances of RMB out of the PRC as well as exchange between RMB and foreign currencies require approval by foreign exchange administrative authorities and certain supporting documentation. The State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the People’s Bank of China, controls the conversion of RMB into other currencies.

(b)

Credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposit and accounts receivable. The Group places its cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit with financial institutions with high credit ratings and quality.

The Group conducts credit evaluations of third-party customers and related parties, and generally does not require collateral or other security from its third-party customers and related parties. The Group establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts primarily based upon the age of the receivables and factors surrounding the credit risk of specific third-party customers and related parties.

Revenues

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenues

Revenues

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2021		2022
Revenues from services
—Data connectivity services		39,956		26,430		35,483
International data connectivity services		30,798		21,672		28,085
Local data connectivity services		9,158		4,758		7,398
—PaaS and SaaS services		5,717		10,770		9,819
—Others		477		598		926
		46,150		37,798		46,228
Sales of products
—Sales of terminals		32,597		27,408		21,748
—Sales of data related products		10,194		5,843		3,230
—Others		628		2,775		255
		43,419		36,026		25,233
Total		89,569		73,824		71,461

In the following table, revenue is geographically disaggregated according to the locations of the customers.

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2021		2022
Japan		47,565		35,883		28,088
North America		23,513		24,183		27,183
Southeast Asia		2,495		4,173		4,912
Mainland China		9,631		3,842		1,883
Hong Kong SAR		2,771		2,199		4,166
Europe		1,706		1,845		3,361
Others		1,253		1,457		1,264
Taiwan		635		242		604
Total		89,569		73,824		71,461

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

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+ Details

Other income/(expense), net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Other income/(expense), net

Other income/(expense), net

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Foreign exchange losses, net		(153	)		(1,106	)		(2,519	)
Government grants (note)		2,283			1,012			935
Gains on disposal of property and equipment, net		375			94			215
Fair value gains/(losses) on other investments		4,909			(12,363	)		(12,958	)
Others		140			487			62
Total		7,554			(11,876	)		(14,265	)

Note:

Government grants mainly represent amounts received from central and local governments in connection with the Group’s investments in local business districts and contributions to technology development.

Taxation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Taxation

Taxation

(a)

Income taxes

(i)

Cayman Islands

The Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands and conducts most of its business through its subsidiaries and VIEs located in the PRC and Hong Kong. Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on either income or capital gain. Additionally, upon payments of dividends to the shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.

(ii)

PRC

The PRC enterprise income tax is calculated based on the taxable income determined under the PRC laws and accounting standards. Under the Corporate Income Tax (“CIT”) Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008, foreign invested enterprises and domestic enterprises are subject to a unified CIT rate of 25%. In accordance with the implementation rules of the CIT Law, a qualified “High and New Technology Enterprise” (“HNTE”) is eligible for a preferential tax rate of 15% with valid period of three years.

Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited and Shenzhen uCloudlink are qualified as HNTE, which are eligible to a preferential tax rate of 15% for the three-year period from 2017 to 2019 as long as they fulfill the HNTE criteria. In 2020, the preferential tax rate of 15% for Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited and Shenzhen uCloudlink was extended for three years from 2020 to 2022.

The Group’s loss before income taxes consisted of:

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Non-PRC		(54,627	)		(28,212	)		(15,397	)
PRC		(8,603	)		(17,872	)		(4,367	)
Total		(63,230	)		(46,084	)		(19,764	)

(iii)

Hong Kong

The Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong are subject to profits tax rate of 16.5% on taxable income.

The reconciliations of the income tax expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were as follows:

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Loss before income tax		(63,230	)		(46,084	)		(19,764	)
Income tax computed at statutory PRC income tax rate (25%)⁽ⁱ⁾		(15,808	)		(11,521	)		(4,941	)
Differential income tax rates applicable to certain entities comprising the Group		13,121			4,061			1,791
Effect of tax holiday		824			1,786			469
Permanent differences⁽ⁱⁱ⁾		451			1,826			2,100
Change in valuation allowance		2,735			5,405			1,569
Accelerated deductions on research and development expenses⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾		(1,138	)		(1,313	)		(827	)
Income tax expenses		185			244			161

(i)	The PRC statutory income tax rate was used because the majority of the Group’s operations are based in the PRC.

(ii)	Permanent differences primarily represent non-deductible expenses.

(iii)

This amount represents tax incentives relating to the research and development expenses of certain major operating subsidiaries in the PRC.

The per share effect of the tax holidays are as follows:

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Effect of tax holiday		824			1,786			469
Per share effect – basic and diluted		(0.00	)		(0.01	)		(0.00	)

(b)

Deferred tax assets

Deferred income tax expense reflects the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows:

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforwards		9,416			14,808			19,814
Accrued expenses and others		414			427			(3,010	)
Less: valuation allowance		(9,830	)		(15,235	)		(16,804	)
Net deferred tax assets		—			—			—

Movement of valuation allowance

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2021		2022
Balance at beginning of the year		7,095		9,830		15,235
Change of valuation allowance		2,735		5,405		1,569
Balance at end of the year		9,830		15,235		16,804

Valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when the Group determines that it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. The Group considers positive and negative evidence to determine whether some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be more-likely-than-not realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of recent losses and forecasts of future profitability. These assumptions require significant judgment and the forecasts of future taxable income are consistent with the plans and estimates the Group is using to manage the underlying businesses. Valuation allowances are established for deferred tax assets based on a more likely than not threshold. The Group’s ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on its ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carry forward periods provided for in the tax law. The Group has provided a full valuation allowance for the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, as management is not able to conclude that the future realization of those net operating loss carries forwards and other deferred tax assets are more likely than not. The statutory rate of 15% to 25%, depending on which entity, was applied when calculating deferred tax assets.

As of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, the Group had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately US$61,257 thousand and US$100,986 thousand and US$134,896 thousand respectively, which arose from the subsidiaries and former VIE established in Hong Kong and PRC. As of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, the Group does not believe that sufficient positive evidence exists to conclude that the recoverability of deferred tax assets is more likely than not to be realized. Consequently, the Group has provided full valuation allowance on the related deferred tax assets.

According to the Circular of relevant governmental regulatory authorities of Taxation on Extending the Loss Carry-over Period of High-tech Enterprises and High-tech SMEs (Cai Shui [2018] No. 76), from January 1, 2018, the enterprises that have the qualifications of high-tech enterprises or high-tech SMEs will be able to make up for the losses that have not been completed in the previous five years before the qualification year. The longest carry-over period is extended from 5 years to 10 years. As of December 31, 2022, the net operating loss carry forwards arose from Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited and Shenzhen uCloudlink will expire during the period from 2027 to 2031, if unused.

(c)

Uncertain tax position

The Group evaluates the level of authority for each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, the Group did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions. The Group does not anticipate any significant increase to our liability for unrecognized tax benefit within the next 12 months. Interest and penalties related to income tax matters, if any, is included in income tax expense.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Ordinary shares

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Ordinary shares

Ordinary shares

(i)

Prior to May 19, 2019, the authorized share of the Company was US$50,000 divided into 50,000,000 shares of par value US$0.001.

On May 19, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company passed the resolution that all of the Company’s ordinary shares and preferred shares were subdivided into 20 shares with a par value of US$0.00005 each. The par value of ordinary shares and preferred shares and related disclosure have been recast to reflect the US$0.00005 par value for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has 232,451,900 ordinary shares (including 162,897,778 vested restricted shares) outstanding (2020: nil; 2021: nil).

(ii)

On January 28, 2015, the Company entered into a share purchase agreement (“Series A SPA”) with certain investors under which the Company issued 8,400,000 ordinary shares at a total consideration of US$4,056,206 and 25,000,000 Series A Preferred Shares to certain investors at a total consideration of US$9,788,652 (Note 9). Also as a closing condition to the Series A SPA, the Company entered into a share restriction agreement with certain senior management and their respective wholly owned subsidiaries, which directly hold the equity interest on the Company. Pursuant to the share restriction agreement, all ordinary shares (“Restricted Shares”) of the Company held by certain senior management shall be subject to vesting conditions until the Restricted Shares become vested. The Restricted Shares shall vest over a period of 5 years from the closing of the Series A SPA (which was shortened to 4 years on September 22, 2016). Vesting of all Restricted Shares will be accelerated upon the completion of a qualified IPO or trade sale. In the event that certain senior management voluntarily and unilaterally terminates his employment/service contract with the Group or his employment or service relationship is terminated by any applicable Group entities for cause as stated in the Series A SPA, the related senior management shall sell to the Company, and the Company shall repurchase from certain senior management, all of the unvested shares at a price of US$0.00005 per share. Such restricted shares were treated as deemed contribution by those senior management to the Company and the fair value of which were recognized as share-based compensation expense over the vesting period. Ordinary shares of 44,426,667 and 44,426,667 were vested and presented as an increase of the numbers of issued ordinary shares during the year ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, respectively. At any time prior to a qualified IPO, the shares held by certain senior management shall not be transferred directly or indirectly without the prior written consent of the Series A Preferred Shares holders, except for those to be transferred to the employees of the Company pursuant to an Stock Option Plan approved by the board.

(iii)

On November 25, 2015, the Company entered into a share purchase agreement (“A-1 SPA”) with certain investors under which the Company issued 26,575,220 ordinary shares at a total consideration of US$21,555,470. There were liquidation preference and a redemption right attached to certain of these ordinary shares with 10% annual compounded interest based on original purchase price which expired on December 31, 2016.

(iv)

On January 1, 2016, 4,000,000 ordinary shares of certain senior management were transferred to Series A Preferred Shares at the then fair value of US$0.88 per share.

(v)

On September 22, 2016, the Company entered into a share purchase agreement (“A-2 SPA”) with certain investors under which the Company issued 8,502,600 ordinary shares at a total consideration of US$10,000,000. There is a redemption right attached to the ordinary shares with 12% annual compounded interest based on original purchase price. Such redemption right expired on December 31, 2017.

(vi)

On June 19, 2017, the Company repurchased 8,630,140 of its ordinary shares from an investor at a price of US$0.96 per share amounting to US$8,297,880. The repurchased ordinary shares were cancelled immediately and the additional paid in capital of the Company was reduced by US$8,298,236.

(vii)

On August 28, 2018, upon the occurrence of the event of automatic conversion of convertible bonds, in which that the Group attained cumulative revenue over RMB500 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, all the convertible bonds were converted into 35,004,220 ordinary shares of the Company.

(viii)

On November 25, 2015, June 19, 2017 and March 22, 2018, the Company issued 20,000,000, 4,315,080 and 31,665,280 ordinary shares, respectively, and had them held by a limited liability company owned by one of certain senior management. These ordinary shares were held on behalf of the Company and are to be awarded to employees under future equity incentive plan based on the discretion of the board of directors of the Company. The ordinary shares issued above were accounted for as treasury shares of the Group. None of these shares has been exercised nor issued from treasury shares as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, respectively. On December 31, 2018, all of the treasury shares were cancelled under the decision of the board of directors of the Company.

(ix)

On December 31, 2018, the board of directors of the Company adopted the 2018 Stock Option Scheme under which the Company may grant options to purchase its ordinary shares to selected employees of the Group. The board of directors of the Company reserved 55,980,360 shares on December 31, 2018 of the Company’s ordinary shares for future issuance under the plan.

(x)

In July 2019, two written resolutions were passed and approved by the board of directors of the Company and its shareholders:

(a) The Group will adopt a dual-class share structure, consisting of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares, which will become effective immediately prior to the completion of the Company’s IPO.

Immediately prior to the completion of the IPO, (i) the conversion and re-designation of all of the then currently issued and outstanding preferred shares into ordinary shares on a one-to-one basis; (ii) 122,072,980 of ordinary shares beneficially owned by Mr. Chaohui Chen and Mr. Zhiping Peng will be redesignated into Class B ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis (iii) all of the remaining ordinary shares (including ordinary shares resulting from the conversion and re-designation of preferred shares) will be re-designated into Class A ordinary shares on a one-to-one basis. In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, holders of Class A ordinary shares will be entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares will be entitled to fifteen votes per share.

(b) Immediately prior to the completion of the IPO, the authorized share capital will be increased from US$50,000 divided into 1,000,000,000 shares of par value of US$0.00005 each, to US$100,000 divided into 2,000,000,000 shares of par value of US$0.00005 each.

(xi)

On June 10, 2020, the Company completed its IPO on the Nasdaq Global Market. The outstanding shares consist of 159,478,920 Class A ordinary shares and 122,072,980 Class B ordinary shares, of which (i) 61,346,560 Class B ordinary shares ultimately held by the Company’s founder, director and chief executive officer Chaohui Chen; (ii) 60,726,420 Class B ordinary shares ultimately held by the Company’s founder and chairman of board of directors Zhiping Peng and (iii) 110,378,920 ordinary shares were converted into Class A ordinary shares. In the offering, 2,010,000 ADSs, representing 20,100,000 Class A ordinary shares, were issued and sold to the public at a price of US$18 per ADS. Upon the completion of the IPO, all 29,000,000 issued and outstanding preferred shares were converted into Class A ordinary shares immediately as of the same date.

(xii)

During year ended December 31, 2020, 576,720 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares were issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options under the Group’s share-based incentive plans (Note 10).

(xiii)

During year ended December 31, 2021, 1,919,760 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares were issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options and 3,000,000 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares were issued upon vesting of restricted share units under the Group’s share-based incentive plans (Note 10).

(xiv)

During year ended December 31, 2022, 1,000,000 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares were issued for issuance of convertible debenture, an aggregate of 76,943,540 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares were issued for conversion of convertible debenture, and 3,767,180 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares were issued upon vesting of restricted share units under the Group’s share-based incentive plans (Note 10).

- Definition

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

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-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 16
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496180-112644

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (i)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=SL123496158-112644

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 40
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126731327&loc=SL126733271-114008

+ Details

Convertible promissory notes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Convertible promissory notes [Abstract]

Convertible promissory notes

Convertible promissory notes

On January 6, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with YA II PN, Ltd., a limited partnership managed by Yorkville Advisor Global (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Company issued the Investor an unsecured promissory note on January 6, 2022 in the original principal amount of $5,000,000 at a purchase price equal to 95% of the principal amount through private placement.

The promissory note has a maturity date of 12 months with an interest rate of 5% per annum. The Purchaser has the right to convert all or any portion of the convertible debentures at its option at any time. Upon conversion, the Company will deliver to the Purchaser the Company’s Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.00005 per share (the “Ordinary Shares”), which may be represented by American depositary shares (the “ADSs”). The conversion price shall be the lower of (i) US$3.50 per ADS, or (ii) 85% of a reference price benchmarked against the trading price of the Company’s ADSs. In addition, the Company will also issue to the Purchaser 1,000,000 Ordinary Shares as commitment fee at closing.

Upon evaluation, the Company determined that the Agreements contained embedded beneficial conversion features which met the definition of Debt with Conversion and Other Options covered under the Accounting Standards Codification topic 470 (“ASC 470”). According to ASC 470, an embedded beneficial conversion feature present in a convertible instrument shall be recognized Separately at issuance by allocating a portion of the proceeds equal to the intrinsic value of that feature to additional paid-in capital. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company recognized embedded beneficial conversion features on January 6, 2022 of $939,376. Beneficial conversion features have been recognized into discount on convertible promissory notes and additional paid-in capital and such discount will be amortized in twelve months until the notes will be settled. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company have recognized Amortization of beneficial conversion feature US$149 thousand to profit.

In October 2022, the Company redeemed US$1.0 million principal amount of the convertible debentures, and the Purchaser had from time to time, converted all of the remaining amount for an aggregate of 76,943,540 Class A ordinary shares.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (g)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495348-112611

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (i)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

+ Details

Share-based awards

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-based awards

10.

Share-based awards

Compensation expense recognized for share-based awards was as follow:

	Years ended December 31,
Share-based compensation expenses (In thousands)	2020		2021		2022
—Restricted Shares (a)		—		5,573		1,006
—Share options(b)		50,607		3,184		2,092
Total		50,607		8,757		3,098

(a)	Restricted Shares

As described in note 8(ii), all ordinary shares of the Company held by certain senior management were subject to a vesting period of 5 years from January 2015 (which was shortened to 4 years on September 22, 2016).

As described in note 10(b), in July 2019, the shareholders and board of directors of the Company approved the 2019 Share Incentive Plan (“the 2019 Plan”). On January 27, 2021, February 26, 2021, and July 1, 2021, the Company granted 2,717,500, 3,304,000 and 239,600 restricted share units respectively to its employees, directors, and other consultants, pursuant to the 2019 Plan. On January 1, 2022, January 27, 2022, August 30, 2022, and November 30, 2022, the Company granted 163,520, 172,500, 6,485,990 and 2,000,000 restricted share units respectively to its employees, directors, and other consultants, pursuant to the 2019 Plan.

The fair value of each restricted share granted with service conditions is estimated based on the fair market value of the underlying ordinary shares of the Company on the date of grant.

A summary of the Restricted Shares activity for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 is presented below:

(Number of shares)	Number of Restricted Shares
Outstanding as of January 1, 2020		—
Vested		—
Outstanding as of December 31, 2020		—
Granted		6,261,100
Forfeited		(345,000	)
Vested		(3,000,000	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021		2,916,100
Granted		8,822,010
Vested		(3,767,180	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022		7,970,930

(b)	Share options

In December 2018, the Company adopted a share incentive plan, which is referred to as the 2018 Stock Option Scheme (“the 2018 Plan”). The purpose of the plan is to attract and retain the best available personnel by linking the personal interests of the members of the board, employees, and consultants to the success of the Company’s business and by providing such individuals with an incentive to reward their performance. Under the 2018 Plan, the maximum number of shares in respect of which options, restricted shares, or restricted share units may be granted is 55,980,360 shares.

In July 2019, the Group adopted the Amended and Restated 2018 Stock Option Scheme (“Revised 2018 Plan”), which amends the previously adopted 2018 Stock Option Scheme, pursuant to which the Group may grant awards to directors, officers and employees. The maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares that may be issued under Revised 2018 Plan was 40,147,720 ordinary shares.

In July 2019, the shareholders and board of directors of the Company also approved the 2019 Plan. Under the 2019 Plan, which will be increased by a number equal to 1.0% of the total number of shares issued and outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year on the first day of each fiscal year, commencing with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, if determined and approved by the board of directors for the relevant fiscal year.

On December 31, 2018 and August 12, 2019, the Company granted 12,187,420 and 5,414,300 share options to employees and certain senior management pursuant to the 2018 Plan and the Revised 2018 Plan respectively.

On April 27, 2020, August 3, 2020 and November 27, 2020, the Company granted 4,963,017, 1,000,000 and 200,000 share options to employees, directors and officers respectively pursuant to the Revised 2018 Plan.

On July 1, 2021, the Company granted 680,000 share options respectively to its employees pursuant to the Revised 2018 Plan.

On October 31, 2021 the Company granted 140,000 share options to other consultant pursuant to the 2019 Plan.

On February 11, 2022 the Company granted 616,420 share options to other consultant pursuant to the 2019 Plan.

On March 1, 2022 the Company granted 100,000 share options to its employee pursuant to the 2019 Plan.

These options were granted with exercise prices denominated in US$. The grantees can exercise vested options after the commencement date of exercise and before the end of its contractual term (i.e., 6 years after the commencement date of exercise).

All share-based payments to employees are measured based on their grant-date fair values. Compensation expense is recognized by graded vesting method.

A summary of the changes in the share options granted by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 is as follows:

	Number of share options			Weighted average exercise price		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2020		17,395,740		$	0.52	$	52,951,848
Granted		6,163,017		$	0.55	$	7,668,544
Forfeited		(683,280	)	$	0.67	$	(1,733,224	)
Exercised		(576,720	)	$	0.50	$	(1,804,198	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2020		22,298,757		$	0.54	$	57,082,970
Exercisable as of December 31, 2020		—		$	—	$	—
Granted		820,000		$	0.68	$	171,820
Forfeited		(1,973,636	)	$	0.56	$	(3,388,792	)
Exercised		(1,919,760	)	$	0.52	$	(5,939,067	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021		19,225,361		$	0.54	$	47,926,931
Exercisable as of December 31, 2021		13,478,069		$	0.55	$	38,703,590
Granted		716,420		$	0.81	$	(458,564	)
Forfeited		(1,936,841	)	$	0.74	$	(2,428,038	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022		18,004,940		$	0.53	$	45,040,329
Exercisable as of December 31, 2022		14,644,270		$	0.54	$	39,789,170

The Group calculated the estimated fair value of an options on the grant date using the binomial option pricing model with assistance from an independent valuation firm. Assumptions used to determine the fair value of share options granted during the year ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 is summarized in the following table:

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Risk-free interest rate⁽ⁱ⁾		0.33%-0.88	%		1.22%-1.52	%		0.90%-1.67	%
Expected dividend yield⁽ⁱⁱ⁾		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected volatility⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾		37.94%-40.07	%		35.01%-36.00	%		29.44%-34.81	%
Grant date fair value	$	0.98-$1.93		$	0.06-$0.65		$	0.00-$0.0044

(i)	Risk-free interest rate is based on the yields of United States Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected life of the share options in effect at the time of grant.

(ii)	Expected dividend yield is assumed to be 0% as the Company has no history or expectation of paying dividend on its ordinary shares.

(iii)

Expected volatility is assumed based on the historical volatility of the Company’s comparable companies in the period equal to the expected life of each grant.

As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to share options and restricted share units granted by Company were US$1,307 thousand and US$799 thousand respectively.

Loss per share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Loss per share

11.

Loss per share

Basic and diluted net loss per share for each of the year presented were calculated as follows:

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands of US$ except share data and per share data)	2020			2021			2022
Numerator:
Net loss		(63,415	)		(46,041	)		(19,853	)
Add: Accretion of Series A Preferred Shares		(1,293	)		—			—
Income allocation to participating preferred shareholders		—			—			—
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company for computing basic and diluted net loss per share		(64,708	)		(46,041	)		(19,853	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding used in calculating basic and diluted net loss per share		259,852,204			285,979,036			312,485,140
Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share		(0.25	)		(0.16	)		(0.06	)

Diluted earnings per share do not include the following instruments as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	Years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Restricted Shares		—		2,916,100		7,970,930
Share options awards		22,298,757		19,225,361		18,004,940
Total		22,298,757		22,141,461		25,975,870

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Disclosure of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Deposit [Abstract]

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit

12.

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit

Cash and cash equivalents represent cash on hand, cash held at bank, and term deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions, which have original maturities of three months or less.

Short-term deposit represents term deposit placed with bank with original maturity more than three months but less than one year. The Group had US$197 thousand of short-term deposit as of December 31, 2022, with an original maturity of 12 months denominated in HKD.

Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit as of December 31, 2021 and 2022 primarily consist of the following currencies:

	December 31, 2021				December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Original currency		US$ equivalent		Original currency		US$ Equivalent
US$		3,195		3,195		6,276		6,276
RMB		13,433		2,107		27,129		3,895
JPY		158,479		1,192		448,139		3,370
HKD		5,791		743		5,411		695
Others				827				882
Total				8,064				15,118

Accounts receivable, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounts receivable, net [Abstract]

Accounts receivable, net

13.

Accounts receivable, net

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022
Accounts receivable		18,273			10,480
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts		(3,350	)		(4,519	)
Accounts receivable, net		14,923			5,961

The following table presents movement in the allowance for doubtful accounts:

(In thousands)	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of the year		495		3,289			3,350
Additions		2,785		67			1,273
Reversal		—		(22	)		(26	)
Exchange difference		—		16			(78	)
Balance at end of the year		3,289		3,350			4,519

Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

14.

Inventories

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022
Raw materials		4,395			1,971
Finished goods		2,390			2,401
Less: write-down of obsolete inventories		(652	)		(748	)
Total inventories		6,133			3,624

Prepayments and other assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Prepayments and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Prepayments and other assets

15.

Prepayments and other assets

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Prepayments		3,859		2,850
Deposits		1,389		1,215
Export tax receivable		744		—
VAT recoverable		729		715
Others		814		163
Total of prepayments and other assets		7,535		4,943

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Current		6,225		4,255
Non-current		1,310		688
Total of prepayments and other assets		7,535		4,943

Long-Term Investments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Long-term investments

16.

Long-term investments

	As of December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Original Cost		Cumulative net gains /(losses)			Exchange Difference			Carrying value
Maya		442		(442	)		—			—
Huaxiang		1,251		287			88			1,626
iQsim S.A.		245		*			(4	)		241
Total		1,938		(155	)		84			1,867

	As of December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Original Cost		Cumulative net gains /(losses)			Impairment			Exchange Difference			Carrying value
Maya		442		(442	)		—			—			—
Huaxiang		1,251		515			—			(55	)		1,711
iQsim S.A.		245		(156	)		(80	)		(9	)		—
Total		1,938		(83	)		(80	)		(64	)		1,711

Note:

*	Less than US$1 thousand.

In October 2018, the Company made an equity investment in a privately-held company, Maya System, Inc. (the “Maya”), which provides cloud SIM related services in Japan, including sale of products and maintenance. The Company acquired 49.00% equity interest of Maya with total consideration of JPY49,000 thousand. The Group classified Maya as an equity method investment as it has significant influence over Maya. The consideration was mainly attributed to trademark, customer relationship and goodwill. As of December 31, 2021 and 2022, the share of loss from Maya exceeded the total investment cost. As the Company is not required to fund losses, the balance was written down to zero.

In April 2019 and September 2020, the Company made an equity investment in a privately-held company, Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company(the“Huaxiang”). The Company held 10% equity interest of the Huaxiang with total consideration of RMB8,521 thousand. In March 2022, Huaxiang introduced new investors and the Company’s equity interest in Huaxiang was diluted to approximately 9.36%. The Company exercises significant influence in the Huaxiang and therefore accounts for this as a long-term investment using equity method. The Company recognized the share of profit of USD287 thousand and USD228 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2022.

In January 2021, the Company acquired 31.25% of the equity interests of iQsim S.A., which is a provider of open virtual SIM (“VSIM”) platform and VSIM-enabled mobile devices based in France, with total consideration of EUR200 thousand. The Company exercises significant influence in iQsim S.A and therefore accounts for this as a long-term investment using equity method. The Company recognized the share of profit of USD0.2 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2021 and share of loss of USD156 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2022. As iQsim was applying for bankruptcy, the Company write off the left amount of the investments of USD80 thousand.

Property and equipment, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and equipment, net

17.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment consist of the following:

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022
Computers		672			460
Server & switch		1,382			1,283
Office equipment		1,685			1,754
Wi-Fi terminals for data connectivity services		9,632			7,762
Leasehold improvement		589			536
Total original costs		13,960			11,795
Less: accumulated depreciation		(12,164	)		(10,614	)
Net book value		1,796			1,181

Depreciation expenses recognized for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were US$2,174 thousand, US$2,022 thousand and US$839 thousand, respectively.

Lease

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Lease [Abstract]

Lease

18.

Lease

The Group has leased office premises and buildings under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. These leases have different terms and renewal rights

The following table presents balances reported in the consolidated balance sheets related to the Company’s leases:

(In thousands)	December 31, 2022
Right-of-use asset, net		206
Current lease liabilities		184

The following table presents operating lease cost reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss related to the Company’s leases:

(In thousands)	Year ended December 31, 2022
Operating lease cost		238
Short-term lease cost		1,191
Total		1,429

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Group incurred rental expenses under operating leases US$1,429 thousand.

The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows of the Company’s leases as of December 31, 2022 to the present value of its operating lease payments:

For the year ending December 31	(In thousands)
2023		204
2024		10
Total undiscounted operating lease payments		214
Less: imputed interest		(30	)
Present value of operating lease liabilities		184

Intangible Assets, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible assets, net

19.

Intangible assets, net

(In thousands)	Carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Net carrying amount
December 31, 2021
Purchased software		1,206		(322	)		884
Trademarks		124		(76	)		48
Licensed copyrights		181		(104	)		77
Intangible assets		1,511		(502	)		1,009

(In thousands)	Carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Net carrying amount
December 31, 2022
Purchased software		1,118		(405	)		713
Trademarks		114		(81	)		33
Licensed copyrights		171		(115	)		56
Intangible assets		1,403		(601	)		802

Amortization expenses recognized for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were US$94 thousand, US$143 thousand and US$142 thousand, respectively.

The estimated aggregate amortization expenses for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter are as follows:

Year	(In thousands)
2023		80
2024		80
2025		80
2026		80
2027		80
Thereafter		402
Total		802

Other investments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Investments Disclosure [Abstract]

Other investments

20.

Other investments

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Current^{(i) (ii) (iii)}		12,587		11,690
Non-current⁽ⁱⁱ⁾		12,058		—
Total		24,645		11,690

Note:

(i)

In June 2020, the Group made an investment in an investment fund, which was classified as an equity security, for a cash consideration of US$15,000 thousand, for which the underlying assets were mainly comprised of debt securities and equity securities. It is redeemable at the option of the Group with one-month notice. The equity security was measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis based on the quoted price by the investment fund which was the executable transaction prices and the amounts that redemption and new purchases can be made and classified as level 2 inputs. There was a fair value loss of US$6,598 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021 and a fair value loss of US$5,543 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the investment was US$7,044 thousand.

(ii)

In June 2020, the Group made an investment in an investment fund, which was classified as a debt security carried at fair value, for a cash consideration of US$17,100 thousand, for which the underlying assets were mainly comprised of unlisted bonds and subordinated debentures, for a period of 3 years. The debt security was measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis based on the quoted price by the asset management company, which was the executable transaction prices and the amounts that redemption and new purchases can be made and classified as level 2 inputs. There was a fair value loss of US$5,766 thousand for the year ended December 31,2021 and a fair value loss of US$7,415 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the investment was US$4,643 thousand. As the maturity date is within one year as of December 31, 2022, the investment was reclassified from non-current other investment to current other investment.

(iii)

In October 2022, the Group purchased a publicly traded stock of 100 shares for a cash consideration of JPY364,148 on the Japanese stock market. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the investment was US$3 thousand.

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Payables And Accruals [Abstract]

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

21.

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Accounts payable to suppliers		12,986		6,832
Accrued bonus and staff costs		20,742		20,256
Other deposits		1,793		1,026
Other taxes payable (note)		881		461
Accrued professional fees		3,007		1,462
Accrued marketing expenses		75		101
Others		1,082		708
Total		40,566		30,846

Note:

Other taxes payable represents business tax, VAT and related surcharges and PRC individual income tax of employees withheld by the Group.

Short-term borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Convertible promissory notes [Abstract]

Short-term borrowings

22.

Short-term borrowings

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Current
Bank borrowings⁽ⁱ⁾		3,177		2,842
Other borrowings⁽ⁱⁱ⁾		—		34
Total		3,177		2,876

Note:

(i)	The Group’s short-term bank borrowings are primarily used for working capital and business development purposes and bear interest rate of 4.00% ~ 5.55% (2021: 1.60% ~ 5.22%) per annum, with a weighted average interest rate of 4.86% (2021: 3.67%) per annum.

Certain bank borrowings are guaranteed by certain of our directors, certain legal representative and certain subsidiary and other company as of December 31, 2021 and 2022.

(ii)	In March 2022, the Company entered into an eleven-month financing agreement with an independent third-party finance lease company amounting to US$194 thousand with equivalent equipment of the Group pledged. The interest rate is 5.6% per annum.

Related party transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Related party transactions

23.

Related party transactions

(a)

Related parties

As of December 31, 2022, the name and relationship with material related parties are as follows:

Related Party		Relationship with the Company
Maya		Equity method investee of the Company
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company		Equity method investee of the Company
iQsim S.A.		Equity method investee of the Company

(b)

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, other than disclosed elsewhere, the Company had the following material related party transactions:

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2021		2022
Revenue from provision of data connectivity services, PaaS and SaaS services and sales of terminals and data related products:
Maya		8,010		9,370		6,202
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company		—		984		334
Purchase of data connectivity service:
Maya		47		26		4
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company		—		87		6

(c)

The Company had the following related parties balances as December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022:

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Deposits received from related parties:
Maya		1,417		1,238
Contract liability:
Maya		18		222
Amounts payable to related parties:
Maya		—		1
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company		18		20
Amounts receivable from related parties:
Maya		1,108		684
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company		45		14

Commitments and contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and contingencies

24.

Commitments and contingencies

(a)

Operating lease commitments

The Group has leased office premises and buildings under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. These leases have different terms and renewal rights. As of December 31, 2021, the future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Year	(In thousands)
2022		1,080
2023		243
2024		21
2025		—
2026		—
Total		1,344

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, the Group incurred rental expenses under operating leases US$1,687 thousand and US$1,539 thousand, respectively. Upon the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2022, operating lease liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of future lease payments at lease commencement and the future lease payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2022 are disclosed in Note 18.

(b)

Purchase commitment for purchase of data

As of December 31, 2022, the Group has future minimum purchase commitment related to the purchase of data of US$1,670 thousand, US$213 thousand and US$39 thousand within 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively.

(c)

Contingencies

In August 2018, two affiliates of SIMO, namely Shenzhen Sibowei’ersi Technology Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Skyroam Technology Co., Ltd., jointly filed a complaint against Shenzhen uCloudlink Network Technology Co., Ltd. in Guangzhou Intellectual Property Court in the PRC alleging patent infringements and claimed damages up to RMB10.5 million (equivalent to US$1.6 million). The Group has filed an invalidation petition against their alleged patent in Patent Reexamination Board of National Intellectual Property Administration in the PRC. On July 16, 2019, the Patent Reexamination Board of National Intellectual Property Administration issued a reexamination decision which invalidated the plaintiffs’ alleged patent in its entirety with respect to the patent infringement allegation. The first hearing of this lawsuit was held on May 13, 2019. The plaintiffs applied to withdraw the lawsuit, which has been approved on August 14, 2019. In October 2019, Shenzhen Sibowei’ersi Technology Co., Ltd. filed a complaint against the National Intellectual Property Administration in Beijing Intellectual Property Court in PRC petitioning the withdrawal of the foregoing reexamination decision of invalidity and reach of a new reexamination decision. In December 2020, the Beijing Intellectual Property Court entered its judgment which upheld National Intellectual Property Administration’s invalidation decision. Sibowei’ersi Technology Co., Ltd. has appealed against such judgment. On November 2, 2021, the Supreme People’s Court held an online hearing of the case, and the Group is awaiting for the ruling of the second instance as well as the court’s further notice.

The Group believes the aforementioned allegations are without merit and will defend vigorously. The Group considers that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is not probable or is unable to estimate the amount or the range of the possible loss. Therefore, no accrual has been recorded by the Group as of December 31, 2022 in respect of these proceedings.

Restricted Net Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Disclosure Text Block Supplement [Abstract]

Restricted net assets

25.

Restricted net assets

The Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Company receiving distributions of funds from its subsidiaries and the VIEs. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and the VIEs only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. The results of operations reflected in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries and the VIEs.

In accordance with the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment and the articles of association of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries, a foreign-invested enterprise established in the PRC is required to provide certain statutory reserves, namely general reserve fund, the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund which are appropriated from net profit as reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. A foreign-invested enterprise is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profit to the general reserve fund until such reserve has reached 50% of its respective registered capital based on the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund are at the discretion of the board of directors for all foreign-invested enterprises. The aforementioned reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. The WFOE was established as a foreign-invested enterprise and, therefore, is subject to the above mandated restrictions on distributable profits. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, WFOE did not have after-tax profit and therefore no statutory reserves have been allocated.

Foreign exchange and other regulations in the PRC may further restrict the Company’s VIEs from transferring funds to the Company in the form of dividends, loans and advances. Amounts restricted include paid-in capital, additional paid-in capital, and the statutory reserves of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries, affiliates and VIEs. As of December 31, 2022, total restricted net assets were US$49,376 thousand.

The Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of subsidiaries and VIEs in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Rule 4-08 (e) (3), “General Notes to Financial Statements” and concluded that the restricted net assets exceeded 25% of the consolidated net assets of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and the condensed financial information of the Company are required to be presented (See Note 28).

Impact of COVID-19

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Extraordinary And Unusual Items [Abstract]

Impact of COVID-19

26.

Impact of COVID-19

Following the COVID-19 outbreak since early 2020, a series of precautionary and control measures have been implemented by the Chinese government, including but not limited to extending the Chinese New Year holiday, quarantine measures and travel restrictions. These measures have resulted in drop in outbound travelers from China and mainly impacted the Group’s Roamingman business.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led governments and other authorities around the world to impose measures intended to control its spread, including restrictions on freedom of movement, gatherings of large numbers of people, and business operations such as travel bans, border closings, business closures, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and social distancing measures. These measures have caused a severe decline in the level of business and leisure travel around the globe. This has resulted in the reduction in demands for the Group’s international data connectivity services.

The net cash used in operating activities of the Group was US$21,738 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021. The net cash provided by operating activities of the Group was US$4,404 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Group will evaluate its financial and cash flow positions from time to time and intend to mitigate liquidity risk by implementing operational measures such as costs cutting. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 on the Group’s operational and financial performance in the longer term will depend on future developments, including the duration of the outbreak and related travel advisories and restrictions and the impact of the COVID-19 on overall demand for travel, all of which are highly uncertain and beyond the control of the Group.

Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

27.

Subsequent Events

In January 2023, the Company granted 1,125,170 restricted share units to its employees, directors, and other consultants, under the 2019 Plan and executives with an exercise price of US$0 per share, with the vesting period ranging from four months to five years.

Additional Information: Condensed Financial Statements of the Company

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Condensed Financial Information Of Parent Company Only Disclosure [Abstract]

Additional information: condensed financial statements of the Company

28.

Additional information: condensed financial statements of the Company

Regulation S-X require condensed financial information as to financial position, statement of cash flows and results of operations of a parent company as of the same dates and for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements have been presented when the restricted net assets of consolidated and unconsolidated subsidiaries together exceed 25 percent of consolidated net assets as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year.

The Company records its investment in its subsidiaries, former VIE and former VIE’s subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting.

Such investments are presented on the separate condensed balance sheets of the Company as “Long-term investments”.

The subsidiaries did not pay any dividends to the Company for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures generally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed and omitted. The footnote disclosures represent supplemental information relating to the operations of the Company, as such, these statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The Company did not have significant other commitments, long-term obligations, or guarantees as of December 31, 2022.

Condensed statements of comprehensive loss of the parent company

(Amounts expressed in thousands of US$ except for number of	Years ended December 31,
shares and per share data)	2020			2021			2022
Operating expenses		(50,638	)		(10,399	)		(4,289	)
Loss before income tax		(50,925	)		(10,266	)		(4,472	)
Loss from subsidiaries and former VIEs		(12,490	)		(35,775	)		(15,381	)
Net loss		(63,415	)		(46,041	)		(19,853	)

Condensed balance sheets of the parent company

(Amounts expressed in thousands of US$ except for number of	Years ended December 31,
shares and per share data)	2021		2022
Cash and cash equivalents		133		463
Amounts due from subsidiaries and former VIEs (note a)		126,536		127,308
Others		8		—
Total assets		126,677		127,771

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		1,188		397
Deficit in subsidiaries and former VIEs		101,138		113,938
Others		262		204
Amounts due to subsidiaries and former VIEs (note a)		3,997		3,683
Total liabilities		106,585		118,222
Total shareholders’ equity		20,092		9,549

Condensed statement of cash flows of the parent company

(Amounts expressed in thousands of US$ except for number of	Years ended December 31,
shares and per share data)	2020			2021			2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities (note a)		(1,514	)		(1,483	)		(3,355	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Intercompany fund transfers		(38,598	)		(3,000	)		—
Net cash used in investing activities (note a)		(38,598	)		(3,000	)		—
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of issuance costs		29,904			—			—
Proceeds from exercise of share options		—			1,284			—
Proceeds from issuance of convertible bonds		—			—			4,735
Redemption of convertible bonds		—			—			(1,050	)
Net cash generated from financing activities		29,904			1,284			3,685
(Decrease)/increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(10,208	)		(3,199	)		330
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year		13,540			3,332			133
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year		3,332			133			463

Note (a):

The condensed financial information of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2020 has been revised to (i) reflect a reclassification adjustment on the presentation of cash flows between the Company and its subsidiaries within the Group. Such cash flows were previously inappropriately presented under the operating activities of the condensed financial information of the Company. The condensed financial information has been revised to properly reflect the cash flows from the Company to its subsidiaries as the investing activities amounted to US$38.6 million in FY20; and (ii) reflect a reclassification adjustment on the presentation of the amount due from entities within the Group from current to non-current in nature amounted to US$123.3 million in FY20 and the amount due to entities within the Group from current to non-current in nature amounted to US$3.9 million in FY20. Management considered the revision is immaterial, the impact of the revision was eliminated in consolidation, and there is no impact on the previously reported consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

Basis of presentation

Use of estimates

Use of estimates

Consolidation

Consolidation

	As of December 31,
	2021			2022
	(in thousands of US$)
Cash and cash equivalents		293			1,951
Accounts receivable, net		1,333			474
Amounts due from subsidiaries		8,067			12,766
Property and equipment and intangible assets		1,195			775
Others		9,602			5,536
Total assets		20,490			21,502
Short term borrowings		941			574
Amounts due to parent and subsidiaries		55,623			60,029
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		16,458			12,690
Contract liabilities		89			62
Others		18			80
Total liabilities		73,129			73,435
Total shareholders’ deficit		(52,639	)		(51,933	)

	Years ended December 31,
	2020			2021			2022
	(in thousands of US$)
Revenue (note a)		55,014			30,979			30,371
Net loss (note a)		(3,528	)		(16,244	)		(4,349	)
Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities		(4,933	)		(6,553	)		858
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,196	)		(178	)		(430	)
Net cash generated from financing activities		2,988			5,290			1,230

Note:

(a)

Revenue and net loss incurred by the former VIEs are primarily from the provision of data connectivity services, as well as sales of Wi-Fi terminals and sales of data related products.

(b)

On March 17, 2022, Beijing uCloudlink, the former VIEs, the nominee shareholders of the former VIEs and the spouses of the shareholders of Beijing Technology entered into termination agreements respectively, to terminate these contractual arrangements. Beijing uCloudlink issued a confirmation letter to designate Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited, to exercise the exclusive option right to purchase all equity interests of Beijing Technology from its shareholders according to the above-mentioned option agreement. Accordingly, Shenzhen Technology entered into an equity interest transfer agreement with the shareholders of Beijing Technology, and was registered as the sole shareholder of Beijing Technology since March 17, 2022. All contractual arrangements were terminated since then.

Segment reporting

Segment reporting

Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency translation

Mezzanine equity

Mezzanine equity

Increase in carrying amount shall be recorded as charges against retained earnings or, in the absence of retained earnings, by charges against additional paid-in capital.

In June 2020, all 29,000,000 issued and outstanding Series A Preferred Shares were converted into Class A ordinary shares upon the completion of the IPO.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition

The Group conducts its business through various contracts with customers, including:

(i)

Data connectivity services

(ii)

Sales of terminals and data related products

(iii)

Provision of PaaS or SaaS services

(iv)

Contract balance

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue

Research and development expenses

2.9

Research and development expenses

Sales and marketing expenses

Sales and marketing expenses

Advertising and promotional expenses were US$2,695 thousand, US$2,846 thousand and US$2,217 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

General and administrative expenses

2.11

General and administrative expenses

Share-based compensation

Share-based compensation

Other employee benefits

Other employee benefits

The Group also makes payments to other defined contribution plans for the benefit of employees employed by subsidiaries outside of the PRC.

Income taxes

Income taxes

Government grants

2.15

Government grants

Comprehensive loss

Comprehensive loss

Leases

2.17

Leases

Lease and non-lease components for leases of asset classes are accounted for separately. The Company elected to recognize short-term leases with an initial lease term of twelve months or less.

Loss per share

Loss per share

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash, and cash equivalents as reported in the consolidated statement of cash flows are presented on the consolidated balance sheet as follows:

	December 31,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2021		2022
Cash and cash equivalents		7,868		14,921

Inventories

2.20

Inventories

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net

Investment in equity method investees

Investment in equity method investees

Property and equipment

Property and equipment

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost to their residual values over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Computers, server & switch and office equipment		5 years
Wi-Fi terminals for data connectivity services		2 years
Leasehold improvement		Over the shorter of lease term or 3 years

Intangible assets

Intangible assets

Amortization of finite-lived intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which are as follows:

Trademark		10 years
Software		10 years
Licensed copyrights		10 years

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values

2.25

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values

Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets

No impairment charge of long-lived assets was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022.

Software development costs

2.27

Software development costs

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value of financial instruments

The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The Group does not have any non-financial assets or liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.

Other investment

Other investments

Convertible promissory notes

2.30

Convertible promissory notes

Newly adopted accounting standard updates

Newly adopted accounting standard updates

Organization and principal activities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Principal Subsidiaries

Entity

Place of

incorporation

Date of

incorporation

Relationship

% of

direct

or indirect

economic
ownership

Principal activities

UCLOUDLINK (HK) LIMITED

Hong Kong

2 September 2014

Subsidiary

100

Holding company

HONG KONG UCLOUDLINK NETWORK TECHNOLOGY LIMITED

Hong Kong

25 October 2010

Subsidiary

100

Holding company, information technology services and sales of terminals and data related products

Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited

PRC

9 July 2015

Subsidiary

100

Technology research and development

Shenzhen uCloudlink Co., Ltd.

PRC

7 June 2018

Subsidiary

100

Hardware exportation

Beijing uCloudlink Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing uCloudlink”)

PRC

29 January 2015

Subsidiary

100

Holding company

UCLOUDLINK (SINGAPORE) PTE.LTD

Singapore

15 May 2017

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

UCLOUDLINK (UK) CO. LTD

13 October 2014

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

Ucloudlink (America), Ltd.

USA

1 August 2016

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

UCLOUDLINK SDN.BHD

Malaysia

24 August 2017

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

uCloudlink Japan Co., Ltd.

Japan

7 March 2018

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

Shenzhen uCloudlink Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shenzhen uCloudlink”)

PRC

14 August 2014

Subsidiary and Consolidated former VIE

100

Holder of value-added telecommunications services license, information technology services and sales of terminals and data related products

Beijing uCloudlink New Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Technology”)

PRC

15 November 2014

Subsidiary and Consolidated former VIE

100

Information technology services and sales of terminals and data related products

PT UCLOUDLINK TECHNOLOGIES PMA

Indonesia

27 September 2018

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

UCLOUDLINK UK LIMITED

24 February 2021

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

Shenzhen Yulian Cloud Technology Co., Ltd.

PRC

22 February 2022

Subsidiary

100

Sales and marketing

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of assets and liabilities of the former VIEs

	As of December 31,
	2021			2022
	(in thousands of US$)
Cash and cash equivalents		293			1,951
Accounts receivable, net		1,333			474
Amounts due from subsidiaries		8,067			12,766
Property and equipment and intangible assets		1,195			775
Others		9,602			5,536
Total assets		20,490			21,502
Short term borrowings		941			574
Amounts due to parent and subsidiaries		55,623			60,029
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		16,458			12,690
Contract liabilities		89			62
Others		18			80
Total liabilities		73,129			73,435
Total shareholders’ deficit		(52,639	)		(51,933	)

Schedule of results of operations and changes in cash and cash equivalents of the former VIEs

	Years ended December 31,
	2020			2021			2022
	(in thousands of US$)
Revenue (note a)		55,014			30,979			30,371
Net loss (note a)		(3,528	)		(16,244	)		(4,349	)
Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities		(4,933	)		(6,553	)		858
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,196	)		(178	)		(430	)
Net cash generated from financing activities		2,988			5,290			1,230

Schedule of cash and cash equivalents

	December 31,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2021		2022
Cash and cash equivalents		7,868		14,921

Schedule of depreciation using straight-line method to allocate their cost to their residual values over their estimated useful lives

Computers, server & switch and office equipment		5 years
Wi-Fi terminals for data connectivity services		2 years
Leasehold improvement		Over the shorter of lease term or 3 years

Schedule of amortization of finite-lived intangible assets estimated useful lives

Trademark		10 years
Software		10 years
Licensed copyrights		10 years

Revenues (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of revenues

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2021		2022
Revenues from services
—Data connectivity services		39,956		26,430		35,483
International data connectivity services		30,798		21,672		28,085
Local data connectivity services		9,158		4,758		7,398
—PaaS and SaaS services		5,717		10,770		9,819
—Others		477		598		926
		46,150		37,798		46,228
Sales of products
—Sales of terminals		32,597		27,408		21,748
—Sales of data related products		10,194		5,843		3,230
—Others		628		2,775		255
		43,419		36,026		25,233
Total		89,569		73,824		71,461

Schedule of disaggregation of revenue

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2021		2022
Japan		47,565		35,883		28,088
North America		23,513		24,183		27,183
Southeast Asia		2,495		4,173		4,912
Mainland China		9,631		3,842		1,883
Hong Kong SAR		2,771		2,199		4,166
Europe		1,706		1,845		3,361
Others		1,253		1,457		1,264
Taiwan		635		242		604
Total		89,569		73,824		71,461

Other income/(expense), net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of other expense, net

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Foreign exchange losses, net		(153	)		(1,106	)		(2,519	)
Government grants (note)		2,283			1,012			935
Gains on disposal of property and equipment, net		375			94			215
Fair value gains/(losses) on other investments		4,909			(12,363	)		(12,958	)
Others		140			487			62
Total		7,554			(11,876	)		(14,265	)

Taxation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of loss before income taxes

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Non-PRC		(54,627	)		(28,212	)		(15,397	)
PRC		(8,603	)		(17,872	)		(4,367	)
Total		(63,230	)		(46,084	)		(19,764	)

Schedule of reconciliations of the income tax expenses

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Loss before income tax		(63,230	)		(46,084	)		(19,764	)
Income tax computed at statutory PRC income tax rate (25%)⁽ⁱ⁾		(15,808	)		(11,521	)		(4,941	)
Differential income tax rates applicable to certain entities comprising the Group		13,121			4,061			1,791
Effect of tax holiday		824			1,786			469
Permanent differences⁽ⁱⁱ⁾		451			1,826			2,100
Change in valuation allowance		2,735			5,405			1,569
Accelerated deductions on research and development expenses⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾		(1,138	)		(1,313	)		(827	)
Income tax expenses		185			244			161

(i)	The PRC statutory income tax rate was used because the majority of the Group’s operations are based in the PRC.

(ii)	Permanent differences primarily represent non-deductible expenses.

(iii)

This amount represents tax incentives relating to the research and development expenses of certain major operating subsidiaries in the PRC.

Schedule of per share effect of the tax holiday

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Effect of tax holiday		824			1,786			469
Per share effect – basic and diluted		(0.00	)		(0.01	)		(0.00	)

Schedule of components of deferred tax assets

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforwards		9,416			14,808			19,814
Accrued expenses and others		414			427			(3,010	)
Less: valuation allowance		(9,830	)		(15,235	)		(16,804	)
Net deferred tax assets		—			—			—

Schedule of movement of valuation allowance

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2021		2022
Balance at beginning of the year		7,095		9,830		15,235
Change of valuation allowance		2,735		5,405		1,569
Balance at end of the year		9,830		15,235		16,804

Share-based awards (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of compensation expense recognized for share-based awards

	Years ended December 31,
Share-based compensation expenses (In thousands)	2020		2021		2022
—Restricted Shares (a)		—		5,573		1,006
—Share options(b)		50,607		3,184		2,092
Total		50,607		8,757		3,098

Schedule of summary of restricted shares activity

(Number of shares)	Number of Restricted Shares
Outstanding as of January 1, 2020		—
Vested		—
Outstanding as of December 31, 2020		—
Granted		6,261,100
Forfeited		(345,000	)
Vested		(3,000,000	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021		2,916,100
Granted		8,822,010
Vested		(3,767,180	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022		7,970,930

Schedule of changes in the share options granted

	Number of share options			Weighted average exercise price		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2020		17,395,740		$	0.52	$	52,951,848
Granted		6,163,017		$	0.55	$	7,668,544
Forfeited		(683,280	)	$	0.67	$	(1,733,224	)
Exercised		(576,720	)	$	0.50	$	(1,804,198	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2020		22,298,757		$	0.54	$	57,082,970
Exercisable as of December 31, 2020		—		$	—	$	—
Granted		820,000		$	0.68	$	171,820
Forfeited		(1,973,636	)	$	0.56	$	(3,388,792	)
Exercised		(1,919,760	)	$	0.52	$	(5,939,067	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021		19,225,361		$	0.54	$	47,926,931
Exercisable as of December 31, 2021		13,478,069		$	0.55	$	38,703,590
Granted		716,420		$	0.81	$	(458,564	)
Forfeited		(1,936,841	)	$	0.74	$	(2,428,038	)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022		18,004,940		$	0.53	$	45,040,329
Exercisable as of December 31, 2022		14,644,270		$	0.54	$	39,789,170

Schedule of share based payment award stock options valuation assumptions

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022
Risk-free interest rate⁽ⁱ⁾		0.33%-0.88	%		1.22%-1.52	%		0.90%-1.67	%
Expected dividend yield⁽ⁱⁱ⁾		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected volatility⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾		37.94%-40.07	%		35.01%-36.00	%		29.44%-34.81	%
Grant date fair value	$	0.98-$1.93		$	0.06-$0.65		$	0.00-$0.0044

(i)	Risk-free interest rate is based on the yields of United States Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected life of the share options in effect at the time of grant.

(ii)	Expected dividend yield is assumed to be 0% as the Company has no history or expectation of paying dividend on its ordinary shares.

(iii)

Expected volatility is assumed based on the historical volatility of the Company’s comparable companies in the period equal to the expected life of each grant.

Loss per share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of basic and diluted net loss per share

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands of US$ except share data and per share data)	2020			2021			2022
Numerator:
Net loss		(63,415	)		(46,041	)		(19,853	)
Add: Accretion of Series A Preferred Shares		(1,293	)		—			—
Income allocation to participating preferred shareholders		—			—			—
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company for computing basic and diluted net loss per share		(64,708	)		(46,041	)		(19,853	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding used in calculating basic and diluted net loss per share		259,852,204			285,979,036			312,485,140
Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share		(0.25	)		(0.16	)		(0.06	)

Schedule of anti-dilutive instruments for diluted earnings per share

	Years ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Restricted Shares		—		2,916,100		7,970,930
Share options awards		22,298,757		19,225,361		18,004,940
Total		22,298,757		22,141,461		25,975,870

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Deposit [Abstract]

Schedule of cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit

	December 31, 2021				December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Original currency		US$ equivalent		Original currency		US$ Equivalent
US$		3,195		3,195		6,276		6,276
RMB		13,433		2,107		27,129		3,895
JPY		158,479		1,192		448,139		3,370
HKD		5,791		743		5,411		695
Others				827				882
Total				8,064				15,118

Accounts receivable, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounts receivable, net [Abstract]

Schedule of accounts receivable net

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022
Accounts receivable		18,273			10,480
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts		(3,350	)		(4,519	)
Accounts receivable, net		14,923			5,961

Schedule of movement in allowance for doubtful accounts

(In thousands)	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of the year		495		3,289			3,350
Additions		2,785		67			1,273
Reversal		—		(22	)		(26	)
Exchange difference		—		16			(78	)
Balance at end of the year		3,289		3,350			4,519

Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of inventories

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022
Raw materials		4,395			1,971
Finished goods		2,390			2,401
Less: write-down of obsolete inventories		(652	)		(748	)
Total inventories		6,133			3,624

Prepayments and other assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Prepayments and Other Assets [Abstract]

Schedule of prepayments and other assets

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Prepayments		3,859		2,850
Deposits		1,389		1,215
Export tax receivable		744		—
VAT recoverable		729		715
Others		814		163
Total of prepayments and other assets		7,535		4,943

Schedule of current and non current prepayments and other assets

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Current		6,225		4,255
Non-current		1,310		688
Total of prepayments and other assets		7,535		4,943

Long-Term Investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Schedule of long-term investments

	As of December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Original Cost		Cumulative net gains /(losses)			Exchange Difference			Carrying value
Maya		442		(442	)		—			—
Huaxiang		1,251		287			88			1,626
iQsim S.A.		245		*			(4	)		241
Total		1,938		(155	)		84			1,867

	As of December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Original Cost		Cumulative net gains /(losses)			Impairment			Exchange Difference			Carrying value
Maya		442		(442	)		—			—			—
Huaxiang		1,251		515			—			(55	)		1,711
iQsim S.A.		245		(156	)		(80	)		(9	)		—
Total		1,938		(83	)		(80	)		(64	)		1,711

Property and equipment, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of property and equipment

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022
Computers		672			460
Server & switch		1,382			1,283
Office equipment		1,685			1,754
Wi-Fi terminals for data connectivity services		9,632			7,762
Leasehold improvement		589			536
Total original costs		13,960			11,795
Less: accumulated depreciation		(12,164	)		(10,614	)
Net book value		1,796			1,181

Lease (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Lease [Abstract]

Schedule of Right-of-use asset, net and Current lease Liabilities

(In thousands)	December 31, 2022
Right-of-use asset, net		206
Current lease liabilities		184

Schedule of lease cost

(In thousands)	Year ended December 31, 2022
Operating lease cost		238
Short-term lease cost		1,191
Total		1,429

Schedule of reconciles the undiscounted cash flows

For the year ending December 31	(In thousands)
2023		204
2024		10
Total undiscounted operating lease payments		214
Less: imputed interest		(30	)
Present value of operating lease liabilities		184

Intangible Assets, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of intangible asset, net

(In thousands)	Carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Net carrying amount
December 31, 2021
Purchased software		1,206		(322	)		884
Trademarks		124		(76	)		48
Licensed copyrights		181		(104	)		77
Intangible assets		1,511		(502	)		1,009

(In thousands)	Carrying amount		Accumulated amortization			Net carrying amount
December 31, 2022
Purchased software		1,118		(405	)		713
Trademarks		114		(81	)		33
Licensed copyrights		171		(115	)		56
Intangible assets		1,403		(601	)		802

Schedule of Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expenses

Year	(In thousands)
2023		80
2024		80
2025		80
2026		80
2027		80
Thereafter		402
Total		802

Other investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Investments [Abstract]

Schedule of other investments

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Current^{(i) (ii) (iii)}		12,587		11,690
Non-current⁽ⁱⁱ⁾		12,058		—
Total		24,645		11,690

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Payables And Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Accounts payable to suppliers		12,986		6,832
Accrued bonus and staff costs		20,742		20,256
Other deposits		1,793		1,026
Other taxes payable (note)		881		461
Accrued professional fees		3,007		1,462
Accrued marketing expenses		75		101
Others		1,082		708
Total		40,566		30,846

Short-term borrowings (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Convertible promissory notes [Abstract]

Schedule of short-term borrowings

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Current
Bank borrowings⁽ⁱ⁾		3,177		2,842
Other borrowings⁽ⁱⁱ⁾		—		34
Total		3,177		2,876

(i)	The Group’s short-term bank borrowings are primarily used for working capital and business development purposes and bear interest rate of 4.00% ~ 5.55% (2021: 1.60% ~ 5.22%) per annum, with a weighted average interest rate of 4.86% (2021: 3.67%) per annum.

(ii)	In March 2022, the Company entered into an eleven-month financing agreement with an independent third-party finance lease company amounting to US$194 thousand with equivalent equipment of the Group pledged. The interest rate is 5.6% per annum.

Related party transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Schedule of related party transactions

	Years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2021		2022
Revenue from provision of data connectivity services, PaaS and SaaS services and sales of terminals and data related products:
Maya		8,010		9,370		6,202
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company		—		984		334
Purchase of data connectivity service:
Maya		47		26		4
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company		—		87		6

Schedule of related parties balances

(In thousands)	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022
Deposits received from related parties:
Maya		1,417		1,238
Contract liability:
Maya		18		222
Amounts payable to related parties:
Maya		—		1
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company		18		20
Amounts receivable from related parties:
Maya		1,108		684
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company		45		14

Commitments and contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2021

Year	(In thousands)
2022		1,080
2023		243
2024		21
2025		—
2026		—
Total		1,344

Additional Information: Condensed Financial Statements of the Company (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Condensed Financial Information Of Parent Company Only Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) of the Parent Company

(Amounts expressed in thousands of US$ except for number of	Years ended December 31,
shares and per share data)	2020			2021			2022
Operating expenses		(50,638	)		(10,399	)		(4,289	)
Loss before income tax		(50,925	)		(10,266	)		(4,472	)
Loss from subsidiaries and former VIEs		(12,490	)		(35,775	)		(15,381	)
Net loss		(63,415	)		(46,041	)		(19,853	)

Schedule of Condensed Balance Sheets of the Parent Company

(Amounts expressed in thousands of US$ except for number of	Years ended December 31,
shares and per share data)	2021		2022
Cash and cash equivalents		133		463
Amounts due from subsidiaries and former VIEs (note a)		126,536		127,308
Others		8		—
Total assets		126,677		127,771

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		1,188		397
Deficit in subsidiaries and former VIEs		101,138		113,938
Others		262		204
Amounts due to subsidiaries and former VIEs (note a)		3,997		3,683
Total liabilities		106,585		118,222
Total shareholders’ equity		20,092		9,549

Schedule of Condensed Statement of Cash Flows of the Parent Company

(Amounts expressed in thousands of US$ except for number of	Years ended December 31,
shares and per share data)	2020			2021			2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities (note a)		(1,514	)		(1,483	)		(3,355	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Intercompany fund transfers		(38,598	)		(3,000	)		—
Net cash used in investing activities (note a)		(38,598	)		(3,000	)		—
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of issuance costs		29,904			—			—
Proceeds from exercise of share options		—			1,284			—
Proceeds from issuance of convertible bonds		—			—			4,735
Redemption of convertible bonds		—			—			(1,050	)
Net cash generated from financing activities		29,904			1,284			3,685
(Decrease)/increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(10,208	)		(3,199	)		330
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year		13,540			3,332			133
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year		3,332			133			463

Organization and principal activities (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 10, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Organization and principal activities (Details) [Line Items]
Settle obligations Of VIEs amounting		$ 3,800	$ 3,800	$ 3,800
Offering expenses				29,904
Loss from operations		19,200	45,900	63,000
Net cash used in operating activities		4,404	(21,738)	(2,038)
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit		15,100
Short-Term Investments		11,700
Consolidated Entity, Excluding Consolidated VIE [Member]
Organization and principal activities (Details) [Line Items]
Net cash used in operating activities		$ 4,400	$ 21,700	$ 2,000
IPO [Member]
Organization and principal activities (Details) [Line Items]
Sale of stock, shares issued (in Shares)	2,010,000
Class A Ordinary Shares [Member] \| IPO [Member]
Organization and principal activities (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued (in Shares)	20,100,000
Sale of stock, price per share (in Dollars per share)	$ 18
American Depositary Receipts [Member] \| IPO [Member]
Organization and principal activities (Details) [Line Items]
Sale of stock, price per share (in Dollars per share)	$ 18
Offering expenses	$ 27,600
Mr. Chaohui Chen and Mr. Zhiping Peng [Member]
Organization and principal activities (Details) [Line Items]
Redesignation of ordinary shares (in Shares)		122,072,980

Organization and principal activities (Details) - Schedule of Principal Subsidiaries	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
UCLOUDLINK (HK) LIMITED [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	Hong Kong
Date of incorporation	Sep. 02, 2014
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Holding company
HONG KONG UCLOUDLINK NETWORK TECHNOLOGY LIMITED [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	Hong Kong
Date of incorporation	Oct. 25, 2010
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Holding company, information technology services and sales of terminals and data related products
Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	PRC
Date of incorporation	Jul. 09, 2015
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Technology research and development
Shenzhen uCloudlink Co., Ltd. [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	PRC
Date of incorporation	Jun. 07, 2018
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Hardware exportation
Beijing uCloudlink Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing uCloudlink”) [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	PRC
Date of incorporation	Jan. 29, 2015
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Holding company
UCLOUDLINK (SINGAPORE) PTE.LTD [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	Singapore
Date of incorporation	May 15, 2017
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Sales and marketing
UCLOUDLINK (UK) CO. LTD [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	UK
Date of incorporation	Oct. 13, 2014
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Sales and marketing
Ucloudlink (America), Ltd. [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	USA
Date of incorporation	Aug. 01, 2016
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Sales and marketing
UCLOUDLINK SDN.BHD [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	Malaysia
Date of incorporation	Aug. 24, 2017
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Sales and marketing
uCloudlink Japan Co., Ltd. [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	Japan
Date of incorporation	Mar. 07, 2018
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Sales and marketing
Shenzhen uCloudlink Network Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shenzhen uCloudlink”) [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	PRC
Date of incorporation	Aug. 14, 2014
Relationship	Subsidiary and Consolidated former VIE
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Holder of value-added telecommunications services license, information technology services and sales of terminals and data related products
Beijing uCloudlink New Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Technology”) [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	PRC
Date of incorporation	Nov. 15, 2014
Relationship	Subsidiary and Consolidated former VIE
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Information technology services and sales of terminals and data related products
PT UCLOUDLINK TECHNOLOGIES PMA [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	Indonesia
Date of incorporation	Sep. 27, 2018
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Sales and marketing
UCLOUDLINK UK LIMITED [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	UK
Date of incorporation	Feb. 24, 2021
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Sales and marketing
Shenzhen Yulian Cloud Technology Co., Ltd. [Member]
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]
Place of incorporation	PRC
Date of incorporation	Feb. 22, 2022
Relationship	Subsidiary
% of direct or indirect economic ownership	100.00%
Principal activities	Sales and marketing

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Jan. 01, 2020
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Percentage of voting power	50.00%
VIEs' non-cash operating expenses	$ 500	$ 400	$ 14,800
Subsidiaries’ non-cash operating expenses	$ 2,500	4,700	35,800
Number of operating segments	1
Number of reportable segments	1
Redeemable preferred shares term	5 years
Contract liabilities					$ 1,925
Revenue included in contract liability	$ 1,575	889	1,925
Advertising and promotional expenses	2,217	2,846	2,695
Contributions by employer to plan in the PRC	1,909	3,074	2,077
Inventory write-downs	138	12	$ 948
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 4,519	$ 3,350
Class A Ordinary Shares [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Shares issued (in Shares)				29,000,000
Shares outstanding (in Shares)				29,000,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of assets and liabilities of the former VIEs - VIEs [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,951	$ 293
Accounts receivable, net	474	1,333
Amounts due from subsidiaries	12,766	8,067
Property and equipment and intangible assets	775	1,195
Others	5,536	9,602
Total assets	21,502	20,490
Short term borrowings	574	941
Amounts due to parent and subsidiaries	60,029	55,623
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	12,690	16,458
Contract liabilities	62	89
Others	80	18
Total liabilities	73,435	73,129
Total shareholders’ deficit	$ (51,933)	$ (52,639)

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of results of operations and changes in cash and cash equivalents of the former VIEs - VIEs [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Condensed Cash Flow Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 30,371	$ 30,979	$ 55,014
Net loss	(4,349)	(16,244)	(3,528)
Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities	858	(6,553)	(4,933)
Net cash used in investing activities	(430)	(178)	(1,196)
Net cash generated from financing activities	$ 1,230	$ 5,290	$ 2,988

- Definition

Amount after tax of income (loss) from a discontinued operation including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest. Includes, but is not limited to, the income (loss) from operations during the phase-out period, gain (loss) on disposal, gain (loss) for reversal of write-down (write-down) to fair value, less cost to sell, and adjustments to a prior period gain (loss) on disposal.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
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-Paragraph 1
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-Paragraph 3
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109227538&loc=d3e44648-109337

+ Details

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
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-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of cash and cash equivalents - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule Of Cash And Cash Equivalents Abstract
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 14,921	$ 7,868

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of depreciation using straight-line method to allocate their cost to their residual values over their estimated useful lives	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Computers, server & switch and office equipment [Member]
Public Utility, Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	5 years
Wi-Fi terminals for data connectivity services [Member]
Public Utility, Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	2 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Public Utility, Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives	Over the shorter of lease term or 3 years

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of amortization of finite-lived intangible assets estimated useful lives	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Trademarks [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of amortization of finite-lived intangible assets estimated useful lives [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, estimated useful lives	10 years
Software [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of amortization of finite-lived intangible assets estimated useful lives [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, estimated useful lives	10 years
Licensed copyrights [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of amortization of finite-lived intangible assets estimated useful lives [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, estimated useful lives	10 years

Revenues (Details) - Schedule of revenues - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues from services
Revenues	$ 71,461	$ 73,824	$ 89,569
Revenues from services [Member]
Revenues from services
Revenues	46,228	37,798	46,150
Sales of products [Member]
Revenues from services
Revenues	25,233	36,026	43,419
Data connectivity services [Member] \| Revenues from services [Member]
Revenues from services
Revenues	35,483	26,430	39,956
International data connectivity services [Member] \| Revenues from services [Member]
Revenues from services
Revenues	28,085	21,672	30,798
Local data connectivity services [Member] \| Revenues from services [Member]
Revenues from services
Revenues	7,398	4,758	9,158
PaaS and SaaS services [Member] \| Revenues from services [Member]
Revenues from services
Revenues	9,819	10,770	5,717
Others [Member] \| Revenues from services [Member]
Revenues from services
Revenues	926	598	477
Others [Member] \| Sales of products [Member]
Revenues from services
Revenues	255	2,775	628
Sales of terminals [Member] \| Sales of products [Member]
Revenues from services
Revenues	21,748	27,408	32,597
Sales of data related products [Member] \| Sales of products [Member]
Revenues from services
Revenues	$ 3,230	$ 5,843	$ 10,194

Revenues (Details) - Schedule of disaggregation of revenue - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 71,461	$ 73,824	$ 89,569
Japan [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	28,088	35,883	47,565
North America [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	27,183	24,183	23,513
Southeast Asia [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,912	4,173	2,495
Mainland China [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	1,883	3,842	9,631
Hong Kong SAR [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,166	2,199	2,771
Europe [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	3,361	1,845	1,706
Others [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	1,264	1,457	1,253
Taiwan [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 604	$ 242	$ 635

Other income/(expense), net (Details) - Schedule of other expense, net - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule Of Other Expense Net Abstract
Foreign exchange losses, net	$ (2,519)	$ (1,106)	$ (153)
Government grants (note)	935	1,012	2,283
Gains on disposal of property and equipment, net	215	94	375
Fair value gains/(losses) on other investments	(12,958)	(12,363)	4,909
Others	62	487	140
Total	$ (14,265)	$ (11,876)	$ 7,554

Taxation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
Taxation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 01, 2008	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Taxation (Details) [Line Items]
Unified corporate income tax rate	25.00%
Preferential tax rate	15.00%
Preferential tax rate extension period	3 years
Net operating loss carryforwards (in Dollars)		$ 134,896	$ 100,986	$ 61,257
Minimum [Member]
Taxation (Details) [Line Items]
Statutory income tax rate			15.00%
Carry-over period		5 years
Net operating loss carryforwards expiration year		2027
Maximum [Member]
Taxation (Details) [Line Items]
Statutory income tax rate			25.00%
Carry-over period		10 years
Net operating loss carryforwards expiration year		2031
HONG KONG
Taxation (Details) [Line Items]
Statutory income tax rate		16.50%
Shenzhen Ucloudlink Technology Limited [Member]
Taxation (Details) [Line Items]
Preferential tax rate		15.00%		15.00%
Preferential tax rate extension period				3 years

Taxation (Details) - Schedule of loss before income taxes - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Loss Before Income Taxes [Abstract]
Non-PRC	$ (15,397)	$ (28,212)	$ (54,627)
PRC	(4,367)	(17,872)	(8,603)
Total	$ (19,764)	$ (46,084)	$ (63,230)

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (c)
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (b)
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-Section 25
-Paragraph 1
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-SubTopic 10
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-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260

+ Details

Taxation (Details) - Schedule of reconciliations of the income tax expenses - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Schedule of Reconciliations of the Income Tax Expenses [Abstract]

Loss before income tax

$ (19,764)

$ (46,084)

$ (63,230)

Income tax computed at statutory PRC income tax rate (25%)

^[1]

(4,941)

(11,521)

(15,808)

Differential income tax rates applicable to certain entities comprising the Group

1,791

4,061

13,121

Effect of tax holiday

469

1,786

824

Permanent differences

2,100

1,826

^[2]

451

^[2]

Change in valuation allowance

1,569

5,405

2,735

Accelerated deductions on research and development expenses(iii)

^[3]

(827)

(1,313)

(1,138)

Income tax expenses

$ 161

$ 244

$ 185

[1]	The PRC statutory income tax rate was used because the majority of the Group’s operations are based in the PRC.
[2]	Permanent differences primarily represent non-deductible expenses.
[3]	This amount represents tax incentives relating to the research and development expenses of certain major operating subsidiaries in the PRC. This tax incentive enables those subsidiaries to claim an additional tax deduction amounting to 75% of the qualified research and development expenses incurred.

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Taxation (Details) - Schedule of reconciliations of the income tax expenses (Parentheticals)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Reconciliations of the Income Tax Expenses [Abstract]
Statutory PRC income tax rate	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%

Taxation (Details) - Schedule of per share effect of the tax holiday - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Per Share Effect of the Tax Holiday [Abstract]
Effect of tax holiday	$ 469	$ 1,786	$ 824
Per share effect – basic and diluted	$ 0	$ (0.01)	$ 0

Taxation (Details) - Schedule of per share effect of the tax holiday (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Per Share Effect of the Tax Holiday [Abstract]
Per share effect – diluted	$ 0.00	$ (0.01)	$ 0.00

Taxation (Details) - Schedule of components of deferred tax assets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 19,814	$ 14,808	$ 9,416
Accrued expenses and others	(3,010)	427	414
Less: valuation allowance	(16,804)	(15,235)	(9,830)
Net deferred tax assets

Taxation (Details) - Schedule of movement of valuation allowance - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Movement of Valuation Allowance [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of the year	$ 15,235	$ 9,830	$ 7,095
Change of valuation allowance	1,569	5,405	2,735
Balance at end of the year	$ 16,804	$ 15,235	$ 9,830

Ordinary shares (Details)						1 Months Ended							7 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Ordinary shares (Details)	Jun. 10, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 28, 2018 shares	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 01, 2016 $ / shares shares	May 19, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 22, 2018 shares	Jun. 19, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 22, 2016 USD ($) shares	Nov. 25, 2015 USD ($) shares	Jan. 31, 2015	Jan. 28, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2020 shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 shares	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2019 shares
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Prior to the completion of the IPO (in Dollars) \| $						$ 50,000
Common stock, shares authorized						50,000,000
Common Stock, par or stated value per Share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 0.001
Common stock, shares, outstanding																		232,451,900
Vesting period									4 years		5 years
Ordinary shares repurchased								8,630,140
Ordinary shares repurchased price per share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares								$ 0.96
Ordinary shares repurchased, amount (in Dollars) \| $								$ 8,297,880
Reduction of additional paid in capital for cancellation of repurchased ordinary shares (in Dollars) \| $								$ 8,298,236
Cumulative revenue (in Yuan Renminbi) \| ¥																	¥ 500
Number of shares issued upon conversion		35,004,220
Shares were issued upon vesting of restricted share														3,767,180
Prior to the Completion of the IPO [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Number of shares issued upon conversion	122,072,980
Authorized share capital increased (in Dollars) \| $	$ 50,000
Common stock, shares authorized	1,000,000,000
Dividend price per share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.00005
Dividend (in Dollars) \| $	$ 100,000
Stock dividend shares	2,000,000,000
Price per share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.00005
2018 Stock Option Scheme [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Conversion of shares, basis																55,980,360
Ordinary Shares [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Preferred shares, per value (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares						0.00005
Treasury Stock [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued							31,665,280	4,315,080		20,000,000
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary shares transferred					4,000,000
Ordinary shares transferred fair value per share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 0.88
Class A Ordinary Shares
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized														1,700,000,000	1,700,000,000
Common Stock, par or stated value per Share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares														$ 0.00005	$ 0.00005
Common stock, shares, outstanding														246,686,120	164,975,400
Shares were issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options													576,720		1,919,760
Shares were issued upon vesting of restricted share															3,000,000
Ordinary Shares were issued for convertible debenture														1,000,000
Aggregate shares														76,943,540
Class A Ordinary Shares \| Prior to the Completion of the IPO [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Number of votes per ordinary share	1
Class A Ordinary Shares \| IPO [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Common stock, shares, outstanding	159,478,920
Ordinary shares issued	20,100,000
Ordinary shares converted into Class A ordinary share	110,378,920
Ordinary shares issued and sold price per ADS (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 18
Preferred shares converted into ordinary shares	29,000,000
Class B Ordinary Shares [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized														200,000,000	200,000,000
Common Stock, par or stated value per Share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares														$ 0.00005	$ 0.00005
Common stock, shares, outstanding														122,072,980	122,072,980
Class B Ordinary Shares [Member] \| Prior to the Completion of the IPO [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Number of votes per ordinary share	15
Class B Ordinary Shares [Member] \| IPO [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Common stock, shares, outstanding	122,072,980
ADS [Member] \| IPO [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued	2,010,000
Chaohui Chen [Member] \| Class B Ordinary Shares [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Common stock, shares, outstanding	61,346,560
Zhiping Peng [Member] \| Class B Ordinary Shares [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Common stock, shares, outstanding	60,726,420
Restricted Shares [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Common Stock, par or stated value per Share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares												$ 0.00005
Common stock, shares, outstanding																162,897,778
Vesting period									4 years			5 years
Ordinary shares, vested																44,426,667	44,426,667
Board of Directors Chairman [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Common Stock, par or stated value per Share (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 0.00005
Shares subdivided, number of shares						20
Series A Share Purchase Agreement [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued												8,400,000
Ordinary shares issued, total consideration (in Dollars) \| $												$ 4,056,206
Series A Share Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued												25,000,000
Ordinary shares issued, total consideration (in Dollars) \| $												$ 9,788,652
A-1 SPA [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued										26,575,220
Ordinary shares issued, total consideration (in Dollars) \| $										$ 21,555,470
Ordinary shares redemption price compounded annual interest rate				10.00%
A-2 SPA [Member]
Ordinary shares (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued									8,502,600
Ordinary shares issued, total consideration (in Dollars) \| $									$ 10,000,000
Ordinary shares redemption price compounded annual interest rate			12.00%

Convertible promissory notes (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Convertible promissory notes (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 06, 2022	Oct. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Convertible promissory notes (Details) [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 5,000,000
Percentage of principal amount of debt	95.00%
Interest rate			5.00%
Conversion price description			The conversion price shall be the lower of (i) US$3.50 per ADS, or (ii) 85% of a reference price benchmarked against the trading price of the Company’s ADSs. In addition, the Company will also issue to the Purchaser 1,000,000 Ordinary Shares as commitment fee at closing.
Recognized embedded beneficial conversion	$ 939,376
Amortization			$ 149,000
Principal amount		$ 1,000,000
Aggregate ordinary shares (in Shares)		76,943,540
Ordinary Shares [Member]
Convertible promissory notes (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary share par value (in Dollars per share)			$ 0.00005

Share-based awards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands								1 Months Ended													12 Months Ended
Share-based awards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 01, 2022	Feb. 11, 2022	Jan. 01, 2022	Jul. 01, 2021	Jan. 01, 2021	Aug. 03, 2020	Aug. 12, 2019	Nov. 30, 2022	Aug. 30, 2022	Jan. 27, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021	Feb. 26, 2021	Jan. 27, 2021	Nov. 27, 2020	Apr. 27, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 22, 2016	Jan. 31, 2015	Jan. 28, 2015	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based awards (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary shares vesting period																		4 years	5 years
Granted shares																					716,420	820,000	6,163,017
Expected dividend yield rate																					0.00%
Unrecognized share-based compensation expenses (in Dollars)																					$ 1,307
Restricted share units granted (in Dollars)																					$ 799
2019 Plan [Member]
Share-based awards (Details) [Line Items]
Granted shares		616,420									140,000
2018 Stock Option Scheme [Member]
Share-based awards (Details) [Line Items]
Granted shares						1,000,000	5,414,300							200,000	4,963,017		12,187,420
Maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares can be issued																	55,980,360
Revised 2018 [Member]
Share-based awards (Details) [Line Items]
Granted shares	100,000			680,000
Maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares can be issued																40,147,720
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based awards (Details) [Line Items]
Ordinary shares vesting period																		4 years		5 years
Restricted Stock [Member] \| 2019 Plan [Member]
Share-based awards (Details) [Line Items]
Granted shares			163,520		239,600			2,000,000	6,485,990	172,500		3,304,000	2,717,500
Total number of shares issued and outstanding rate																1.00%

Share-based awards (Details) - Schedule of compensation expense recognized for share-based awards - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total compensation expense recognized	$ 3,098	$ 8,757	$ 50,607
Restricted Shares [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total compensation expense recognized	1,006	5,573
Share Options [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total compensation expense recognized	$ 2,092	$ 3,184	$ 50,607

Share-based awards (Details) - Schedule of summary of restricted shares activity - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule Of Summary Of Restricted Shares Activity Abstract
Outstanding, Beginning balance	2,916,100
Outstanding, Ending balance	7,970,930	2,916,100
Granted	8,822,010	6,261,100
Forfeited		(345,000)
Vested	(3,767,180)	(3,000,000)

Share-based awards (Details) - Schedule of changes in the share options granted - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule Of Changes In The Share Options Granted Abstract
Number of share options outstanding, beginning balance	19,225,361	22,298,757	17,395,740
Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, beginning balance	$ 0.54	$ 0.54	$ 0.52
Aggregate intrinsic value, beginning balance	$ 47,926,931	$ 57,082,970	$ 52,951,848
Number of share options, Exercisable as of December 31, 2020	14,644,270	13,478,069
Weighted average exercise price, Exercisable as of December 31, 2021	$ 0.54	$ 0.55
Aggregate intrinsic value, Exercisable as of December 31, 2022	$ 39,789,170	$ 38,703,590
Number of share options, Granted	716,420	820,000	6,163,017
Weighted average exercise price, Granted	$ 0.81	$ 0.68	$ 0.55
Aggregate intrinsic value, Granted	$ (458,564)	$ 171,820	$ 7,668,544
Number of share options, Forfeited	(1,936,841)	(1,973,636)	(683,280)
Weighted average exercise price, Forfeited	$ 0.74	$ 0.56	$ 0.67
Aggregate intrinsic value, Forfeited	$ (2,428,038)	$ (3,388,792)	$ (1,733,224)
Number of share options, Exercised		(1,919,760)	(576,720)
Weighted average exercise price, Exercised		$ 0.52	$ 0.5
Aggregate intrinsic value, Exercised		$ (5,939,067)	$ (1,804,198)
Number of share options, outstanding, ending balance	18,004,940	19,225,361	22,298,757
Weighted average exercise price, outstanding, ending balance	$ 0.53	$ 0.54	$ 0.54
Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding, ending balance	$ 45,040,329	$ 47,926,931	$ 57,082,970

Share-based awards (Details) - Schedule of share based payment award stock options valuation assumptions - $ / shares

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Share-based awards (Details) - Schedule of share based payment award stock options valuation assumptions [Line Items]

Risk-free interest rate

^[1]

Expected dividend yield

^[2]

0.00%

Expected volatility

^[3]

Minimum [Member]

Share-based awards (Details) - Schedule of share based payment award stock options valuation assumptions [Line Items]

Risk-free interest rate

^[4]

0.90%

1.22%

0.33%

Expected dividend yield

^[5]

Expected volatility

^[6]

29.44%

35.01%

37.94%

Grant date fair value (in Dollars per share)

$ 0

$ 0.06

$ 0.98

Maximum [Member]

Share-based awards (Details) - Schedule of share based payment award stock options valuation assumptions [Line Items]

Risk-free interest rate

^[4]

1.67%

1.52%

0.88%

Expected dividend yield

^[5]

Expected volatility

^[6]

34.81%

36.00%

40.07%

Grant date fair value (in Dollars per share)

$ 0.0044

$ 0.65

$ 1.93

[1]	Risk-free interest rate is based on the yields of United States Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected life of the share options in effect at the time of grant.
[2]	Expected dividend yield is assumed to be 0% as the Company has no history or expectation of paying dividend on its ordinary shares.
[3]	Expected volatility is assumed based on the historical volatility of the Company’s comparable companies in the period equal to the expected life of each grant.
[4]	Risk-free interest rate is based on the yields of United States Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected life of the share options in effect at the time of grant.
[5]	Expected dividend yield is assumed to be 0% as the Company has no history or expectation of paying dividend on its ordinary shares.
[6]	Expected volatility is assumed based on the historical volatility of the Company’s comparable companies in the period equal to the expected life of each grant.

Loss per share (Details) - Schedule of basic and diluted net loss per share - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Numerator:
Net loss (in Dollars)	$ (19,853)	$ (46,041)	$ (63,415)
Add: Accretion of Series A Preferred Shares			(1,293)
Income allocation to participating preferred shareholders
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company for computing basic and diluted net loss per share (in Dollars)	$ (19,853)	$ (46,041)	$ (64,708)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding used in calculating basic and diluted net loss per share	312,485,140	285,979,036	259,852,204
Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share (in Dollars per share)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.25)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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- Definition

Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

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Loss per share (Details) - Schedule of basic and diluted net loss per share (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of basic and diluted net loss per share [Abstract]
Diluted net loss per share	$ (19,853)	$ (46,041)	$ (64,708)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	312,485,140	285,979,036	259,852,204
Diluted net loss per ordinary share	$ (0.06)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.25)

Amount, after deduction of tax, noncontrolling interests, dividends on preferred stock and participating securities, and addition from assumption of issuance of common shares for dilutive potential common shares; of income (loss) available to common shareholders.

+ References + Details

Loss per share (Details) - Schedule of anti-dilutive instruments for diluted earnings per share - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of basic and diluted net loss per share [Abstract]
Restricted Shares	$ 7,970,930	$ 2,916,100
Share options awards	18,004,940	19,225,361	22,298,757
Total	$ 25,975,870	$ 22,141,461	$ 22,298,757

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Disclosure of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Deposit [Abstract]
Short-term deposit	$ 197

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit (Details) - Schedule of cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposit - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
US$ equivalent [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit	$ 15,118	$ 8,064
US$ [Member] \| Original currency [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit	6,276	3,195
US$ [Member] \| US$ equivalent [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit	6,276	3,195
RMB [Member] \| Original currency [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit	27,129	13,433
RMB [Member] \| US$ equivalent [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit	3,895	2,107
JPY [Member] \| Original currency [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit	448,139	158,479
JPY [Member] \| US$ equivalent [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit	3,370	1,192
HKD [Member] \| Original currency [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit	5,411	5,791
HKD [Member] \| US$ equivalent [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit	695	743
Others [Member] \| US$ equivalent [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Cash on hand and cash held at bank balance and short-term deposit	$ 882	$ 827

Accounts receivable, net (Details) - Schedule of accounts receivable net - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of accounts receivable net [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 10,480	$ 18,273
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts	(4,519)	(3,350)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 5,961	$ 14,923

Accounts receivable, net (Details) - Schedule of movement in allowance for doubtful accounts - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of movement in allowance for doubtful accounts [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of the period	$ 3,350	$ 3,289	$ 495
Additions	1,273	67	2,785
Reversal	(26)	(22)
Exchange difference	(78)	16
Balance at end of the period	$ 4,519	$ 3,350	$ 3,289

Inventories (Details) - Schedule of inventories - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule Of Inventories Abstract
Raw materials	$ 1,971	$ 4,395
Finished goods	2,401	2,390
Less: write-down of obsolete inventories	(748)	(652)
Total inventories	$ 3,624	$ 6,133

Prepayments and other assets (Details) - Schedule of prepayments and other assets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of prepayments and other assets [Abstract]
Prepayments	$ 2,850	$ 3,859
Deposits	1,215	1,389
Export tax receivable		744
VAT recoverable	715	729
Others	163	814
Total of prepayments and other assets	$ 4,943	$ 7,535

Prepayments and other assets (Details) - Schedule of current and non current prepayments and other assets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of current and non current prepayments and other assets [Abstract]
Current	$ 4,255	$ 6,225
Non-current	688	1,310
Total of prepayments and other assets	$ 4,943	$ 7,535

Long-Term Investments (Details) ¥ in Thousands, ¥ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	7 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2018 JPY (¥)	Apr. 30, 2019 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Long-Term Investments (Details) [Line Items]
Long-term investments, amount			$ 1,000
Recognized the share of profit			228,000	$ 287,000
Total consideration				200,000
Company recognized				$ 200
Recognized the share of loss			156,000
Maya System Inc [Member]
Long-Term Investments (Details) [Line Items]
Equity interest	49.00%
Consideration to acquire equity interest \| ¥	¥ 49,000
Equity method investment written down value			$ 0
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company [Member]
Long-Term Investments (Details) [Line Items]
Equity interest		10.00%			9.36%
Consideration to acquire equity interest \| ¥		¥ 8,521
iQsim S.A. [Member]
Long-Term Investments (Details) [Line Items]
Equity interest						31.25%

Long-Term Investments (Details) - Schedule of long-term investments - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Long-Term Investments (Details) - Schedule of long-term investments [Line Items]

Original Cost

$ 1,938

Cumulative net gains /(losses)

(83)

(155)

Exchange Difference

(64)

Carrying value

1,711

1,867

Impairment

(80)

Maya [Member]

Long-Term Investments (Details) - Schedule of long-term investments [Line Items]

Original Cost

442

Cumulative net gains /(losses)

(442)

Long-Term Investments (Details) - Schedule of long-term investments [Line Items]

Original Cost

1,251

Cumulative net gains /(losses)

515

287

Exchange Difference

(55)

Carrying value

1,711

1,626

Impairment

iQsim S.A [Member]

Long-Term Investments (Details) - Schedule of long-term investments [Line Items]

Original Cost

245

Cumulative net gains /(losses)

(156)

^[1]

Exchange Difference

(9)

(4)

Carrying value

$ 241

Impairment

$ (80)

[1]	Less than US$1 thousand.

Property and equipment, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expenses	$ 839	$ 2,022	$ 2,174

Property and equipment, net (Details) - Summary of property and equipment - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Summary of property and equipment [Abstarct]
Total original costs	$ 11,795	$ 13,960
Less: accumulated depreciation	(10,614)	(12,164)
Net book value	1,181	1,796
Computers [Member]
Summary of property and equipment [Abstarct]
Total original costs	460	672
Server & switch [Member]
Summary of property and equipment [Abstarct]
Total original costs	1,283	1,382
Office equipment [Member]
Summary of property and equipment [Abstarct]
Total original costs	1,754	1,685
Wi-Fi terminals for data connectivity services [Member]
Summary of property and equipment [Abstarct]
Total original costs	7,762	9,632
Leasehold improvement [Member]
Summary of property and equipment [Abstarct]
Total original costs	$ 536	$ 589

Lease (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Lease (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Lease [Abstract]
Rental expenses	$ 1,429	$ 1,539	$ 1,687

Lease (Details) - Schedule of Right-of-use asset, net and Current lease Liabilities - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of presents balances reported in the consolidated balance sheets related [Abstract]
Right-of-use asset, net	$ 206
Current lease liabilities	$ 184

Lease (Details) - Schedule of lease cost $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Lease (Details) - Schedule of lease cost $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Schedule of consolidated statements of comprehensive loss related [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 238
Short-term lease cost	1,191
Total	$ 1,429

Lease (Details) - Schedule of reconciles the undiscounted cash flows $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Schedule Of Reconciles The Undiscounted Cash Flows [Abstract]
2023	$ 204
2024	10
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	214
Less: imputed interest	(30)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$ 184

Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 142	$ 143	$ 94

Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - Schedule of intangible asset, net - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - Schedule of intangible asset, net [Line Items]
Carrying amount	$ 1,403	$ 1,511
Accumulated amortization	(601)	(502)
Net carrying amount	802	1,009
Purchased Software [Member]
Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - Schedule of intangible asset, net [Line Items]
Carrying amount	1,118	1,206
Accumulated amortization	(405)	(322)
Net carrying amount	713	884
Trademarks [Member]
Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - Schedule of intangible asset, net [Line Items]
Carrying amount	114	124
Accumulated amortization	(81)	(76)
Net carrying amount	33	48
Licensed Copyrights [Member]
Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - Schedule of intangible asset, net [Line Items]
Carrying amount	171	181
Accumulated amortization	(115)	(104)
Net carrying amount	$ 56	$ 77

Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - Schedule of Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expenses $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Schedule Of Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expenses [Abstract]
2023	$ 80
2024	80
2025	80
2026	80
2027	80
Thereafter	402
Total	$ 802

Other investments (Details) $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
Other investments (Details) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2022 JPY (¥)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Other investments (Details) [Line Items]
Investment cash consideration			$ 3		$ 33,126
Fair value gain from investment			(12,958)	(12,363)	$ 4,909
Exchange market (in Yen) \| ¥	¥ 364,148
Investment Fund One [Member]
Other investments (Details) [Line Items]
Investment cash consideration		$ 15,000	7,044
Investment fund redemption notice period		1 month
Fair value gain from investment			5,543	6,598
Investment Fund Two [Member]
Other investments (Details) [Line Items]
Investment cash consideration		$ 17,100	4,643
Investment fund redemption period		3 years
Fair value loss from investment			$ 7,415	$ 5,766

Other investments (Details) - Schedule of other investments - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule Of Other Investments [Abstract]

Current

^[1],[2],[3]

$ 11,690

$ 12,587

Non-current

^[1]

12,058

Total

$ 11,690

$ 24,645

[1]	In June 2020, the Group made an investment in an investment fund, which was classified as a debt security carried at fair value, for a cash consideration of US$17,100 thousands, for which the underlying assets were mainly comprised of unlisted bonds and subordinated debentures, for a period of 3 years. The debt security was measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis based on the quoted price by the asset management company, which was the executable transaction prices and the amounts that redemption and new purchases can be made and classified as level 2 inputs. There was a fair value loss of US$5,766 thousands for the year ended December 31,2021 and a fair value loss of US$7,415 thousands for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the investment was US$4,643 thousands. As the maturity date is within one year as of December 31, 2022, the investment was reclassified from non-current other investment to current other investment.
[2]	In June 2020, the Group made an investment in an investment fund, which was classified as an equity security, for a cash consideration of US$15,000 thousands, for which the underlying assets were mainly comprised of debt securities and equity securities. It is redeemable at the option of the Group with one-month notice. The equity security was measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis based on the quoted price by the investment fund which was the executable transaction prices and the amounts that redemption and new purchases can be made and classified as level 2 inputs. There was a fair value loss of US$6,598 thousands for the year ended December 31, 2021 and a fair value loss of US$5,543 thousands for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the investment was US$7,044 thousands.
[3]	In October 2022, the Group purchased 100 shares with the amount of JPY364,148 from the exchange market. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the investment was US$3 thousands.

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities (Details) - Schedule of accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule Of Accounts Payable Accrued Expenses And Other Liabilities [Abstract]
Accounts payable to suppliers	$ 6,832	$ 12,986
Accrued bonus and staff costs	20,256	20,742
Other deposits	1,026	1,793
Other taxes payable (note)	461	881
Accrued professional fees	1,462	3,007
Accrued marketing expenses	101	75
Others	708	1,082
Total	$ 30,846	$ 40,566

Short-term borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
Short-term borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Short-term borrowings (Details) [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate		3.67%	4.86%
Finance lease (in Dollars)	$ 194
Interest rate	5.60%
Minimum [Member]
Short-term borrowings (Details) [Line Items]
Bear interest rate		5.22%	4.00%
Maximum [Member]
Short-term borrowings (Details) [Line Items]
Bear interest rate		5.55%	1.60%

Short-term borrowings (Details) - Schedule of short-term borrowings - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Schedule Of Short Term Borrowings [Abstract]

Bank borrowings

^[1]

$ 2,842

$ 3,177

Other borrowings

^[2]

Total

$ 2,876

$ 3,177

[1]

The Group’s short-term bank borrowings are primarily used for working capital and business development purposes and bear interest rate of 4.00% ~ 5.55% (2021: 1.60% ~ 5.22%) per annum, with a weighted average interest rate of 4.86% (2021: 3.67%) per annum. Certain bank borrowings are guaranteed by certain of our directors, certain legal representative and certain subsidiary and other company as of December 31, 2021 and 2022.

[2]

In March 2022, the Company entered into an eleven-month financing agreement with an independent third-party finance lease company amounting to US$194 thousands with equivalent equipment of the Group pledged. The interest rate is 5.6% per annum.

Related party transactions (Details) - Schedule of related party transactions - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Maya [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from provision of data connectivity services, PaaS and SaaS services and sales of terminals and data related products:	$ 6,202	$ 9,370	$ 8,010
Purchase of data connectivity service	4	26	47
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from provision of data connectivity services, PaaS and SaaS services and sales of terminals and data related products:	334	984
Purchase of data connectivity service	$ 6	$ 87

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Related party transactions (Details) - Schedule of related parties balances - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Maya [Member]
Related party transactions (Details) - Schedule of related parties balances [Line Items]
Deposits received from related parties	$ 1,238	$ 1,417
Contract liability	222	18
Amounts payable to related parties	1
Amounts receivable from related parties	684	1,108
Beijing Huaxianglianxin Technology Company [Member]
Related party transactions (Details) - Schedule of related parties balances [Line Items]
Amounts payable to related parties	20	18
Amounts receivable from related parties	$ 14	$ 45

- Definition

For an unclassified balance sheet, amounts due from related parties including affiliates, employees, joint ventures, officers and stockholders, immediate families thereof, and pension funds.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

- Definition

Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of obligations due all related parties.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
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+ Details

Commitments and contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands, ¥ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Commitments and contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Rental expenses	$ 1,429		$ 1,539	$ 1,687
Future minimum purchase commitment ,2023	1,670
Future minimum purchase commitment ,2024	213
Future minimum purchase commitment ,2025	39
Maximum [Member]
Commitments and contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Claimed damage	$ 1,600	¥ 10.5

Commitments and contingencies (Details) - Schedule of future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2021 - Operating lease commitments [Member] $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Commitments and contingencies (Details) - Schedule of future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2021 [Line Items]
2022	$ 1,080
2023	243
2024	21
2025
2026
Total	$ 1,344

Restricted Net Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Restricted Net Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Restricted Net Assets (Details) [Line Items]
Percentage of general reserve fund of registered capital	50.00%
Restricted net assets (in Dollars)	$ 49,376
Restricted net assets exceeded percentage	25.00%
Minimum [Member]
Restricted Net Assets (Details) [Line Items]
Percentage of income after tax to reserve	10.00%

Impact of COVID-19 (Details) - COVID-19 [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Impact of COVID-19 (Details) [Line Items]
Net cash used in operating activities		$ 21,738
Net cash provided by operating activities	$ 4,404

Subsequent Events (Details) - Restricted Share Units \| 2019 Plan - $ / shares		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share		$ 0
Vesting period		5 years
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Number of share granted	1,125,170

Additional Information: Condensed Financial Statements of the Company (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Additional Information: Condensed Financial Statements of the Company (Details) [Line Items]
Consolidated net assets	25.00%
Cash flows from investing activities	$ (162)	$ (935)	$ (35,444)
Reclassification Adjustment \| Parent
Additional Information: Condensed Financial Statements of the Company (Details) [Line Items]
Cash flows from investing activities			38,600
Amount due from entities within the Group current to non-current			123,300
Amount due to entities within the Group current to non-current			$ 3,900

- Definition

For an unclassified balance sheet, amounts due from related parties including affiliates, employees, joint ventures, officers and stockholders, immediate families thereof, and pension funds.

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of obligations due all related parties.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(k)(1))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(C))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 210
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.17)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(B))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 210
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.15(3),(4))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6457730&loc=d3e39549-107864

+ Details

Additional Information: Condensed Financial Statements of the Company (Details) - Schedule of Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) of the Parent Company - Parent [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Condensed Statement of Income Captions [Line Items]
Operating expenses	$ (4,289)	$ (10,399)	$ (50,638)
Loss before income tax	(4,472)	(10,266)	(50,925)
Loss from subsidiaries and former VIEs	(15,381)	(35,775)	(12,490)
Net loss	$ (19,853)	$ (46,041)	$ (63,415)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

Additional Information: Condensed Financial Statements of the Company (Details) - Schedule of Condensed Balance Sheets of the Parent Company - Parent [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Additional Information: Condensed Financial Statements of the Company (Details) - Schedule of Condensed Balance Sheets of the Parent Company [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 463	$ 133
Amounts due from subsidiaries and former VIEs (note a)	127,308	126,536
Others		8
Total assets	127,771	126,677
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	397	1,188
Deficit in subsidiaries and former VIEs	113,938	101,138
Others	204	262
Amounts due to subsidiaries and former VIEs (note a)	3,683	3,997
Total liabilities	118,222	106,585
Total shareholders’ equity	$ 9,549	$ 20,092

Additional Information: Condensed Financial Statements of the Company (Details) - Schedule of Condensed Statement of Cash Flows of the Parent Company - Parent [Member] - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Cash flows from operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities

^[1]

$ (3,355)

$ (1,483)

$ (1,514)

Cash flows from investing activities

Intercompany fund transfers